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Biomechanics T graves > Muscular Sytem > Flashcards

Muscular Sytem Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of muscle? (6)

A 
Waste removal
Blood flow
Movement
Heat
Protection
Stability
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2
Q

What are the different muscle types? (3)

A

Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth

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3
Q

What is an example of a cardiac muscle and what are its features?

A

Heart
Involuntary contractions
Controlled by (para)sympathetic nervous system

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4
Q

What is an example of smooth muscle and what are its features?

A

Intestines, stomach, blood vessels
involuntary contractions
generally stimulated by hormones/drugs/neurotransmitters

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5
Q

What is an example of skeletal muscle and what are its features?

A

Bicep femoris, vastus lateralis
Voluntary contractions
Controlled by somatic nervous system

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6
Q

What is a fasicle

A

A bundle of muscle fibres

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7
Q

What is the origin of of a muscle?

A

The more proximal attachment

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8
Q

What is the insertion of a muscle?

A

The more distal attachment

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9
Q

What are the different muscle formations? (4)

A

Parallel/ Fusiform
Convergent
Pennate
Circular

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10
Q

What are the key features of a Parallel/Fusiform muscle?(3)

A

Most common type
Fasicles are parallel with the axis of the muscle
Bell of the muscle shortens as it contracts
Cross sectional diameter indicates strength

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11
Q

What are the key features of a Convergent muscle?(3)

A

Broad base, narrows to a common tendon
Great versatility: line of pull can vary
Not the most powerful - some fibres counteract

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12
Q

What are the key features of a Pennate muscle? (4)

A

One or more tendons run through the muscle
Fascicles run a oblique angle to tendon
Less movement than parallel
More fibres than parallel = more tension

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13
Q

name the 3 sub groups of a pennate muscle

A

Uni-
Bi-
Multi-

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14
Q

Describe a unipennate muscle

A 
All muscle fibres on one side of the tendon
Extensor digitorum (forearm)
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15
Q

Describe a Bipennate muscle

A

Fibres on both side of the tendon

eg Rectus femorus

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16
Q

Describe a Multipennate muscle

A

Serveral tendons
Fibres run diagonally between tendons
eg Deltoid

17
Q

What are the key features of a Circular muscle? (3)

A

Fibres arranged around an opening
Muscle contracts = opening closes
Guards internal and external entrances to the body

18
Q

What are the 3 types of muscle contraction?

A

Isometric
Isotonic
Isokinetic

19
Q

Describe an Isometric contraction

A

Static contraction
muscle generate tension
joints dont move

20
Q

Describe an Isotonic contraction

A

Movement occurs

tension is different to load

21
Q

Name and describe the 2 types of isotonic contractions

A

Concentric - Shortening of the muscle

Eccentric - lengthening of the muscle

22
Q

Name and describe the 2 types of isotonic contractions

A

Concentric - Shortening of the muscle

Eccentric - lengthening of the muscle

23
Q

Describe an Isokinetic contraction

A

Speed of contraction is constanct - regardless of load
Requires specialist equipment
Resistance stays the same - load varies as joint angle increases/decreases
useful for rehab

24
Q

Name the muscles in the Neck (2)

A

Sternocleidomastoid

Trapezius

25
Q

Name the muscles in the Shoulder (6)

A 
Deltiod
Pectorals
Rotator Cuff
Serrus Anterior
Teres Major
Latissimus Dorsi
26
Q

Name the muscles in the Arms (3)

A

Triceps
Briceps Brachii
Wrist flexors and extensors

27
Q

Name the muscles in the Chest (1)

A

Intercostals

28
Q

Name the muscles in the Back (2)

A

Erector Spinea

Multifidus

29
Q

Name the muscles in the Hips (4)

A

Gluteals
Adductors
Psoas
Hamstrings

30
Q

Name the muscles in the Knee (1)

A

Quadriceps

31
Q

Name the individual muscles in the quads (4)

A

Rectus femoris
Vastus Intermedius
Vastus Lateralis
Vastus Medialis

32
Q

Name the individual muscles in the hamstrings (3)

A

Bicep femoris
Semitendinosus
Semiimbranosus

33
Q

Name the muscles in the Lower Leg (4)

A

Tibialis Posterior
Soleus
Gastrocnemius
Tibialis Anterior

Biomechanics T graves (11 decks)

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