Muscular Sytem

Question 1

What are the functions of muscle? (6)

Answer 1

Waste removal
Blood flow
Movement
Heat
Protection
Stability

Question 2

What are the different muscle types? (3)

Answer 2

Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth

Question 3

What is an example of a cardiac muscle and what are its features?

Answer 3

Heart
Involuntary contractions
Controlled by (para)sympathetic nervous system

Question 4

What is an example of smooth muscle and what are its features?

Answer 4

Intestines, stomach, blood vessels
involuntary contractions
generally stimulated by hormones/drugs/neurotransmitters

Question 5

What is an example of skeletal muscle and what are its features?

Answer 5

Bicep femoris, vastus lateralis
Voluntary contractions
Controlled by somatic nervous system

Question 6

What is a fasicle

Answer 6

A bundle of muscle fibres

Question 7

What is the origin of of a muscle?

Answer 7

The more proximal attachment

Question 8

What is the insertion of a muscle?

Answer 8

The more distal attachment

Question 9

What are the different muscle formations? (4)

Answer 9

Parallel/ Fusiform
Convergent
Pennate
Circular

Question 10

What are the key features of a Parallel/Fusiform muscle?(3)

Answer 10

Most common type
Fasicles are parallel with the axis of the muscle
Bell of the muscle shortens as it contracts
Cross sectional diameter indicates strength

Question 11

What are the key features of a Convergent muscle?(3)

Answer 11

Broad base, narrows to a common tendon
Great versatility: line of pull can vary
Not the most powerful - some fibres counteract

Question 12

What are the key features of a Pennate muscle? (4)

Answer 12

One or more tendons run through the muscle
Fascicles run a oblique angle to tendon
Less movement than parallel
More fibres than parallel = more tension

Question 13

name the 3 sub groups of a pennate muscle

Answer 13

Uni-
Bi-
Multi-

Question 14

Describe a unipennate muscle

Answer 14

All muscle fibres on one side of the tendon
Extensor digitorum (forearm)

Question 15

Describe a Bipennate muscle

Answer 15

Fibres on both side of the tendon

eg Rectus femorus

Question 16

Describe a Multipennate muscle

Answer 16

Serveral tendons
Fibres run diagonally between tendons
eg Deltoid

Question 17

What are the key features of a Circular muscle? (3)

Answer 17

Fibres arranged around an opening
Muscle contracts = opening closes
Guards internal and external entrances to the body

Question 18

What are the 3 types of muscle contraction?

Answer 18

Isometric
Isotonic
Isokinetic

Question 19

Describe an Isometric contraction

Answer 19

Static contraction
muscle generate tension
joints dont move

Question 20

Describe an Isotonic contraction

Answer 20

Movement occurs

tension is different to load

Question 21

Name and describe the 2 types of isotonic contractions

Answer 21

Concentric - Shortening of the muscle

Eccentric - lengthening of the muscle

Question 22

Name and describe the 2 types of isotonic contractions

Answer 22

Concentric - Shortening of the muscle

Eccentric - lengthening of the muscle

Question 23

Describe an Isokinetic contraction

Answer 23

Speed of contraction is constanct - regardless of load
Requires specialist equipment
Resistance stays the same - load varies as joint angle increases/decreases
useful for rehab

Question 24

Name the muscles in the Neck (2)

Answer 24

Sternocleidomastoid

Trapezius

Question 25

Name the muscles in the Shoulder (6)

Answer 25

``` Deltiod Pectorals Rotator Cuff Serrus Anterior Teres Major Latissimus Dorsi ```

Question 26

Name the muscles in the Arms (3)

Answer 26

Triceps Briceps Brachii Wrist flexors and extensors

Question 27

Name the muscles in the Chest (1)

Answer 27

Intercostals

Question 28

Name the muscles in the Back (2)

Answer 28

Erector Spinea | Multifidus

Question 29

Name the muscles in the Hips (4)

Answer 29

Gluteals Adductors Psoas Hamstrings

Question 30

Name the muscles in the Knee (1)

Answer 30

Quadriceps

Question 31

Name the individual muscles in the quads (4)

Answer 31

Rectus femoris Vastus Intermedius Vastus Lateralis Vastus Medialis

Question 32

Name the individual muscles in the hamstrings (3)

Answer 32

Bicep femoris Semitendinosus Semiimbranosus

Question 33

Name the muscles in the Lower Leg (4)

Answer 33

Tibialis Posterior Soleus Gastrocnemius Tibialis Anterior