Muscles and Bones

Question 1

name the 3 types of joints

Answer 1

Fibrous/fixed
cartilaginous
synovial

Question 2

Describe fibrous joints

Answer 2

No movement

Joined by fibrous tissue

Question 3

Give an example of a fibrous joint

Answer 3

Cranial

Question 4

Describe cartilaginous joints

Answer 4

Some movement
ends covered in cartilage
separated by pads of fibro-cartilage

Question 5

Give an example of cartilaginous joints

Answer 5

vertebrae

Question 6

Describe synovial joints

Answer 6

Freely moveable
direction dictated by shape of ends
surrounded by capsule and ligaments
fat pads
synovial membrane
cartilage

Question 7

Name the 5 cartilaginous joints

Answer 7

Ball and socket
Hinge
Pivot
Condyloid/saddle
Gliding

Question 8

Why synovial joint is the most movable?

Answer 8

Ball and socket

Question 9

Which joint occurs with a spherical head that lodges into a cavity

Answer 9

Ball and socket

Question 10

Which synovial joint is concave and conves

Answer 10

Hinge

Question 11

Which synovial joint is ring shaped surrounding a cone shaped?

Answer 11

Pivot

Question 12

which type of joint is radio-ulna an example of?

Answer 12

Pivot

Question 13

Which synovial joint only allows movement in one direction?

Answer 13

Hinge

Question 14

Which synovial joint only allows rotation

Answer 14

pivot

Question 15

What is the other name for the condyloid joint

Answer 15

saddle

Question 16

What kind of movement can occur at a saddle joint

Answer 16

Everything but rotational

Question 17

Give an example of the saddle joint

Answer 17

Thumb = metacarpal - phalangeal

Question 18

Which joint has 2 flat surfaces that move over each other?

Answer 18

Gliding

Question 19

What is the name of the Sterno-clavicular joint

Answer 19

Gliding

Question 20

Define a joint

Answer 20

where two or more bone meet

Question 21

what are the functions of a joint (2)?

Answer 21

Control motion

transfer forces

Question 22

Name the 3 types of muscle

Answer 22

Smooth
Skeletal
Cardiac

Question 23

Name the different muscle formations (4)

Answer 23

Parallel/fusiform
Convergant
Pennate
Circular

Question 24

Name the 3 sub-types of the pennate formation

Answer 24

Uni
Bi
Multi

Question 25

When there are several tendons and fibres run diagonally which muscle formation is it?

Answer 25

Multipennate

Question 26

Which formation has the fibre running parallel to the axis?

Answer 26

Fusiform

Question 27

Why doe convergent muscle have great versatility but less power

Answer 27

More lines of pull but some counteract

Question 28

Give an example of a convergant muscle

Answer 28

Perctoralis major | Trapezius

Question 29

Give an example of a circular muscle

Answer 29

Orbicularis ris | orbicularis oculi

Question 30

Name example for the 3 pennant muscle formations

Answer 30

Uni - extensor digitorium Bi - rectus femoris Multi - deltoid

Question 31

define origin

Answer 31

More proximal point of attachment

Question 32

Name the muscle structure

Answer 32

Epimysium Perimysium Sarcolemma Sarcomere

Question 33

What is a sheath of fibrous elastic tissue which surrounds a muscle?

Answer 33

Epimysium

Question 34

What is the cell membrane that encloses each muscle fibre?

Answer 34

Sarcolemma

Question 35

What are the basic unit of a striated muscle?

Answer 35

Sarcomere mysosin - thick actin - thin

Question 36

What is the sheath of connective tissue surrounding a bundle of muscle fibres?

Answer 36

Perimysium

Question 37

define a synergist

Answer 37

Small muscles that facilitate movement, prevent unwanted movement in other planes

Question 38

Define a fixator

Answer 38

Muscles that stablize the origin of the agonist

Question 39

What end of the muscle are fixators at?

Answer 39

Proximal

Question 40

Define a plane

Answer 40

2D surface that passes through all the joints in the body

Question 41

Which plane splits the body into left an right

Answer 41

Sagittal

Question 42

Which plane does rotation occur in?

Answer 42

Transverse