Skeletal System Flashcards
List 5 functions of the skeletal system
Support Storage of minerals and lipids Blood cell production Protection Leverage
How many bones does the typical adult have?
206
How many bones does the typical newborn have?
270
Name the bones of the body.
See WORD notes
(See WORD notes)
What are the three main groups of bones on the hand?
Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges
What are the three main groups of bones in the foot?
Tarsals
Metatarsals
Phalanges
What are the three main regions of bone?
Diaphysis (shaft)
Metaphysis (transitional)
Epiphysis (specialised end)
What are the two types of bone and where are they found?
Cortical (compact) bone
- Diaphysis and covers epiphysis
Cancellous (spongy) bone
- Epiphysis
What is the name of the central cavity of the metaphysis?
Medullary cavity
Name the 6 classifications of bones and give an example of each.
Short (carpal) Long (humerus) Flat (scapula) Sutural (skull) Sesamoid (patella) Irregular (vertebrae)
Describe the structure of the bone matrix.
Calcium salts and collagen fibres
Osteocytes within lacunae
Blood vessels
What are canaliculi?
Pathways for blood vessels
What is the name of stem cells who produce osteoblasts and where are they located?
Osteogenic cells
Endosteum
What is it called when bones develop from hyaline cartilage?
Endochondral ossification
How can vitamins help stimulate bone growth?
C - collagen synthesis and osteoblast differentiation
A - osteoblast activity
K and B12 - synthesis of bone proteins
How are estrogens and androgens involved in bone growth?
Stimulate osteoblasts
What is it called when bones become thinner and weaker with age?
Osteopenia
Name the 8 major types of fractures
Transverse Oblique Spiral Comminuated Avulsion Impacted Fissure Greenstick
List the four steps of fracture repair
Formation of hematoma
Formation of callus
Osteoblasts replace callus with cancellous bone
Bone at fracture site remodelled for up to a year
What are the two primary functions of joints
Movement and stability
