Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Medical Science - Anatomy > Muscle Physiology > Flashcards

Muscle Physiology Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Briefly describe skeletal muscle tissue

A

Multinucleated long cylindrical cells

Many parallel fibres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Briefly describe cardiac muscle tissue

A

Mononuclear

Branching network

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Briefly describe smooth muscle tissue

A

Viscera and blood vessels
Mononuclear
Spindle shaped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What system innervates the different types of muscle?

A

Skeletal - Somatic
Cardiac - Autonomic
Smooth - Autonomic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the differences in speed of contraction of different types of muscle?

A

Skeletal - Fast contraction
Cardiac - Slow rhythmical contraction
Smooth - Very slow rhythmical contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

From what cell does a muscle fibre form?

A

Fusion of myoblasts (mesodermal cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the sacrolemma?

A

Membrane of a muscle fibre which surrounds sacroplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are T-tubules?

A

Extensions of the sacrolemma into the muscle fibre bound tightly to sacroplasmic reticulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the sacroplasmic reticulum?

A

Tubular network around myofibrils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a Triad?

A

Pair of terminal cisternae (Ca2+ storage) and a T tubule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the differenc ein uniformity between an I-band and an A-band?

A

I-band is isotropic, A-band is anisotropic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the thick and thin filaments of a sacromere primarily made of?

A

Myosin (thick) and actin (thin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is titin?

A

Elastic material

Binds myosin to Z-line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe the structure of a thin filament

A

Two twisted rows of globular F-Actin
Surrounded by strand of tropomyosin
With troponin to bind together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe the structure of a thick filament

A

300 myosin subunits
Tails towards M-line
Heads are two globular proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

On muscle contraction, which zones change size and which do not?

A

A zone stays same
I zone shrinks
Z lines move closer together

17
Q

What are the steps involved in muscle contraction following an action potential from the neuromuscular junction?

A

See Notes

18
Q

What does skeletal muscle relaxation depend on?

A

Duration of stimulus
Quantity of free Ca2+
Availability of ATP
AchE breaks down ACh and sarcoplasmic reticulum recaptures Ca2+

19
Q

Explain rigor mortis

A

ATP regeneration stops, so Ca2+ pump does not work and myosin heads remain cross bridged

20
Q

What dictates fibre tension?

A 
Sum of tension from fibres
Total number fibres
Length of fibres
Cross-sectional area of fibres
Tension exerted on muscle elastic compartments
21
Q

When is fibre tension optimal?

A

Muscle at resting length (tense, but not shortened)

22
Q

What are the three phases of a muscular twitch?

A

Latent period
Contraction phase
Relaxation phase

23
Q

What is treppe?

A

Increase in twitch tension with successive twitches

24
Q

What is wave summation?

A

Twitches occur before relaxation phase completes

25
Q

What is incomplete tetanus?

A

Increased twitch frequency with brief relaxation phases

26
Q

What is complete tetanus?

A

Twitch frequency high enough to eliminate relaxation phase

27
Q

What is a motor unit?

A

Motor neuron which controls all fibres in a muscle

28
Q

What determines muscle precision, speed and force?

A

Innervation ratio

Size of units (smaller is slower with lower force)

29
Q

What are Type 1 muscle fibres?

A

Slow, small, oxidative capacity, low fatigue

RED

30
Q

What are Type 2a muscle fibres?

A

Intermediate size and speed, moderate fatigue, oxidative and anaerobic capacity

31
Q

What are Type 2b muscle fibres?

A

Fast, large in size, high force, poor oxidative capabilities, high anaerobic capacity, fatigue quickly, few mitochondria, scarce capillary size
WHITE

32
Q

What are the three types of contractions?

A

Isometric (muscle active but no change in length)
Isotonic (muscle shortens)
Eccentric (muscle lengthens)

Medical Science - Anatomy (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions