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DPT 6160 ANATOMY > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two functional parts of the skeletal system?

A 
Axial skeleton (Head, Neck, and trunk) 
Appendicular Skeleton (Limbs, including formation of pectoral and pelvic girdles)
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2
Q

What makes up the cartilage?

A

Resilient, semi- rigid form of connective tissue, forms parts of skeleton where more flexibility required.

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3
Q

What makes up articular cartilage?

A

Caps articulating surfaces of bones participating in synovial joints, provides smooth, low-friction, gliding surfaces

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4
Q

What makes up bone?

A

Living tissue which is highly specialized, hard form of connective tissue-makes up most of skeleton.

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5
Q

What do the bones of an adult provide?

A
  1. Support for body and its vital cavities (thorax, pelvis)
  2. Protection for vital structures (heart)
  3. Mechanical basis for movement (leverage)
  4. Storage for salts (calcium)
  5. Continuous supply of new red blood cells (marrow)
  6. Endocrine regulation
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6
Q

What is a long bone?

A

tubular in form (ex: femur)

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7
Q

What is a short bone?

A

Cuboidal, (ex: ankle and wrist)

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8
Q

What is a flat bone?

A

Usually serve as a protective function: skull, scapula, ribs

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9
Q

What is an irregular bone?

A

Various shapes, face, vertebrae

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10
Q

What is a Sesamoid bone?

A

develop in certain tendons and where tendons cross the ends of bones, protect the tendons from excessive wear and often change the angle of the tendons, patella

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11
Q

What is a condyle bone marking?

A

rounded articular area

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12
Q

What is a crest bone marking?

A

Ridge of bone

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13
Q

What is an epicondyle bone marking?

A

eminence superior to a condyle

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14
Q

What is a facet bone marking?

A

smooth, flat area, usually covered with cartilage, where a bone articulates with another bone

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15
Q

What is a Foramen bone marking?

A

Passage through a bone

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16
Q

What is a Fossa bone marking?

A

Hollow or depressed area

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17
Q

What is a Groove bone marking?

A

Elongated depression

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18
Q

What is a Line bone marking?

A

Linear Elevation

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19
Q

What is a Malleolus bone marking?

A

rounded process

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20
Q

What is a Notch bone marking?

A

Indentation at the edge of a bone

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21
Q

What is a Protuberance bone marking?

A

Projection of a bone

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22
Q

What is a Spine bone marking?

A

Thorn like process

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23
Q

What is a Spinous bone marking?

A

Projecting spine- like part

24
Q

What is a Trochanter bone marking?

A

Large blunt elevation

25
Q

What is a Tubercle bone marking?

A

Small Raised eminence

26
Q

What is a Tuberosity bone marking?

A

Large rounded elevation

27
Q

True/ False Most bones take many years to grow and mature..

A

True

28
Q

The ______ begins to ossify at 8 weeks, but ossification not complete until age 20-21 years

A

Humerus

29
Q

All bones derive from _______ (embryonic connective tissue) by 2 different processes

A

Mesenchyme

30
Q

What are the two different processes of ossification?

A
  • Intramembranous ossification

* Endochondral ossification

31
Q

What is Intramembranous ossification?

A

Also known as membranous bone formation, mesenchymal models of bones form during embryonic period, then direct ossification of the mesenchyme begins in the fetal period

32
Q

What is Endochondral Ossification?

A

Also know as cartilaginous bone formation, cartilage models of bones form during fetal period, then bone subsequently replaces most of the cartilage. Long bone formation=endochondral

33
Q

What is the Vascular Supply of bone?

A

The bones are richly supplied with blood vessels, nutrient arteries pass through periosteum via nutrient foramina, they divide in the medullary cavity into longitudinal branches that supply (bone marrow, spongy bone, deeper portions of compact bone)

34
Q

What are the Haversian Systems?

A

Microscopic canals

35
Q

What are the three types of skeletal joints?

A
  1. Fibrous
  2. Cartilaginous
  3. Synovial
36
Q

What are Fibrous joints (Synarthroses)?

A
  • United by fibrous tissue
    • Sutures
    • Syndesmosis type
37
Q

What are Cartilaginous Joints (Amphiarthroses)

A
  • United by hyaline or fibrocartilage
    • Primary cartilaginous (Synchrondroses)—>Hyaline
    • Secondary Cartilaginous (Symphyses)—>Fibrocartilage
38
Q

What are Synovial Joints (Diarthroses)?

A

4 Characteristics:

  1. Cavity
  2. Synovial Membrane and fluid
  3. Articular Cartilage
  4. Fibrous Capsule
39
Q

What are the types of Synovial Joints?

A
  1. Plane or gliding
  2. Ball and Socket
  3. Hinge
  4. Pivot
  5. Condyloid
  6. Saddle
40
Q

What are Plane or gliding Synovial Joints?

A

one bone glides over the other e.g. AC joint

41
Q

What are Ball and Socket Synovial Joints?

A

ball of one joint fits into socket of the other bone e.g. GH joint

42
Q

What are Hinge Synovial Joints?

A

Like a hinge on a door e.g. IP joint

43
Q

What are Pivot Synovial Joints?

A

Allows rotation, e.g. AA joint

44
Q

What are Condyloid Synovial Joints?

A

Ovoid surface (condyle into elliptical cavity, e.g. RC joint

45
Q

What are Saddle synovial Joints?

A

similar to condyloid but no axial rotation, e.g. CMC joint

46
Q

What is a Fibrous Capsule?

A

Strengthened by Ligaments:

  1. Intrinsic ligament (between carpal bones alone)
  2. Extrinsic Ligaments (between carpals and metacarpals)
  3. Intra- articular
  4. Extra- articular
47
Q

What are the three types of cartilage?

A

Hyaline, Elastic, and Fibrocartilage

48
Q

What is Hyaline Cartilage?

A

found lining articular surfaces, and in the nasal septum, tracheal rings, costal cartilages, and the epiphyseal cartilage of growing bone

49
Q

What is Elastic Cartilage?

A

Found in the ear and epiglottis, where it provides a rigid but elastic, framework

50
Q

What is Fibrocartilage?

A

found in intervertebral discs, the pubic symphysis, in menisci of joints, and often occurs where tendon and ligaments are joined to bones

51
Q

What are articular arteries?

A

arise from vessels around the joint

52
Q

______ often anastomose (communicate) to form networks to ensure a blood supply in any position assumes by the joint

A

Arteries

53
Q

What are Articular veins?

A

Communicating veins that accompany arteries

54
Q

What are articular nerves?

A

Arise from branches of cutaneous nerves supplying overlying skin

55
Q

Most articular nerves are branches of nerves that supply the ______ that cross and therefore move the joint

A

Muscles

56
Q

What is Hilton’s Law?

A

Nerves supplying a joint also supply the muscles moving the joint and skin covering their distal attachments

DPT 6160 ANATOMY (14 decks)

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