Skeletal system Flashcards
Four major functions of the skeleton
Shape and support
Movement
Protection
Blood production
5 bone types + example for each
Short- carpals Long- femur Flat- scapula Sesamoid- patella Irregular- vertebrae
Types of joints + example
Fixed—no movement- cranium
Cartilaginous—slight movement- ribs
Synovial—Freely➡️
List the Synovial joins + example
Saddle- fingers Pivot- neck Hinge- elbow Ball and socket- shoulder Gliding- hands
Ligament + tendon definition
Ligament: attaches bone to bone
Tendon: attached bone to muscle
Vertebrae- in order
Cervical — C1-7 Thoracic — T1-12 Lumbar — L1-5 Sacrum — S1-5 Coccyx — C1-4
Anatomical terms:
Superior
Inferior
Superior - towards head ⬆️
Inferior - towards feet⬇️
Anatomical terms:
Medial
Lateral
Medial - towards midline- sternum’s medial to rib cage
Lateral - towards side of body- humerus is lateral to sternum
Anatomical terms:
Proximal
Distal
Proximal - nearer to trunk- femur is proximal to patella
Distal - away from trunk- metacarpals are distal to humerus
Anatomical terms:
Prone
Supine
Prone: face down- lying on stomach
Supine: face up- lying on back
Types of movement:
Abduction
Adduction
Abduction - movement of a bone away from midline
Adduction - movement of a bone towards midline
Types of movement:
Pronation
Supination
Pronation - movement of forearm so that palm is anterior
Supination - movement of forearm so that palm is posterior
Types of movement:
Elevation
Depression
Elevation - raising of body part
Depression - lowering of body part
Types of movement:
Protraction
Retraction
Protraction - thrusting forward of body part “gigidi gigidi”
Retraction - thrusting backwards of body part
Types of movement:
Dorsiflexion
Planter flexion
Dorsiflexion - bending of foot towards shin
Plantar flexion - bending of foot away from shin
