Skeletal System

Question 1

There are ___ vertebrae but only ___ are movable.

Answer 1

33; 26

Question 2

What is the smallest bone in the body? Where is it?

Answer 2

Stirrup, in the ear

Question 3

___ bones in the wrists, hands, and fingers

Answer 3

54

Question 4

___ bones in the ankle, feet, and toes

Answer 4

52

Question 5

What does the vertebral column protect?

Answer 5

Spinal chord

Question 6

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

Answer 6

7

Question 7

How many thoracic vertebrae are there?

Answer 7

12

Question 8

how many lumbar vertebrae are there?

Answer 8

5

Question 9

How many sacral vertebrae are there?

Answer 9

5 fuse into 1

Question 10

How many coccygeal vertebrae are there?

Answer 10

4 fuse into 1

Question 11

What do ribs protect?

Answer 11

Heart, lungs, and liver.

Question 12

How many pairs of ribs do people usually have?

Answer 12

12

Question 13

How many ribs are connected to the sternum?

Answer 13

7

Question 14

Next 3 ribs are connected to what?

Answer 14

Cartilage

Question 15

What are the last 2 ribs called?

Answer 15

Floaters

Question 16

When you perform a double arm row - shoulders squeezed together and supported by the ________.

Answer 16

scapula

Question 17

Supportive bone in the leg

Answer 17

Tibia

Question 18

Unsupportive bone in the leg

Answer 18

Fibula

Question 19

What does the skull protect?

Answer 19

Brain

Question 20

_____ bones in the head and face, only bone that can move is the _____.

Answer 20

29; jaw

Question 21

Appendicular (arms and legs) has how many bones?

Answer 21

126

Question 22

What are the 4 layers of the bone? Explain them.

Answer 22

Periosteum: membrane of the outside of bones
Compact: hard outer bone (what you see in an x-ray)
Spongy: next inner layer
Bone marrow - mainly produces red and yellow blood cells
* Red - makes blood
* Yellow - makes fat

Question 23

What are the functions of bones?

Answer 23

1. Protects vital organs
2. Provides support, sets your body’s form
3. Provides a framework of levers that your muscles are attached to
4. Makes red blood cells (mainly), sometimes white blood cells and platelets
5. Storage for calcium and other minerals

Question 24

List the shapes of bones.

Answer 24

Long
Short
Flat
Irregular

Question 25

List the 3 things that keep your bones strong.

Answer 25

Calcium, vitamin D, and resistance training

Question 26

Ligaments connect _____ to _____.

Answer 26

bone to bone

Question 27

Tendons connect _____ to _____.

Answer 27

muscle to bone

Question 28

What are the functions of cartilage?

Answer 28

It is at the ends of bones and is a shock absorber.

Question 29

Ligament in the knee that is called the _________ _________ (in the front).

Answer 29

anterior cruciate

Question 30

What is a closed fracture?

Answer 30

bone breaks but doesn't go through the skin

Question 31

What is an open fracture?

Answer 31

punctures the skin

Question 32

What is a multiple fracture?

Answer 32

two or more breaks to the same bone

Question 33

What is a spiral fracture?

Answer 33

fracture caused by twisting

Question 34

What is a green stick fracture?

Answer 34

the bone bends and partially breaks but the break is incomplete

Question 35

What is a comminuted fracture?

Answer 35

Bone fractures into several pieces

Question 36

List the 6 different fractures.

Answer 36

``` Open Closed Multiple Spiral Green stick Comminuted ```

Question 37

Ball and socket joint

Answer 37

Shoulder and hip, | Most moveable joint

Question 38

Hinge joint

Answer 38

Elbow and knee | Flexion and extension

Question 39

Pivot joint

Answer 39

Radius and neck, | Allows bones to twist or spin

Question 40

Condyloid joint

Answer 40

Carpals, | Can do all but rotate

Question 41

Saddle joint

Answer 41

Unique to the thumb, | Shaped like a saddle

Question 42

Gliding (plane) joint

Answer 42

Metatarsals, metacarpals (hands and feet)

Question 43

Fixed (Synarthroses)

Answer 43

Immovable, | Found in your skull

Question 44

Super thick membrane/liquid, allows your joints to not have friction with your bones

Answer 44

Bursa

Question 45

Flexion

Answer 45

Decrease

Question 46

Extension

Answer 46

Increase

Question 47

Abduction

Answer 47

Away from the body

Question 48

Adduction

Answer 48

Towards the body

Question 49

Rotation

Answer 49

Pivots around an axis

Question 50

Circumduction

Answer 50

Combination movement | * Greatest range of motion at the joint

Question 51

Supination

Answer 51

Hands palms forward and up

Question 52

Pronation

Answer 52

Hands palms down and away

Question 53

Eversion

Answer 53

Sole of the foot roles out

Question 54

Inversion

Answer 54

Foot roles in, sole of the foot roles in

Question 55

Elevation

Answer 55

Raising of a body part

Question 56

Depression

Answer 56

Lowering of a body part

Question 57

Protraction

Answer 57

Body part moves forward

Question 58

Retraction

Answer 58

Body part moves back

Question 59

Tear or complete separation of the ligament

Answer 59

Sprain

Question 60

Cartilage tears at the knee

Answer 60

Meniscus tears

Question 61

Bones are forced out of alignments

Answer 61

Dislocation

Question 62

Inflammation of the bursa

Answer 62

Bursitis

Question 63

Inflammation of the tendon

Answer 63

Tendinitis

Question 64

Inflammation of the joint

Answer 64

Arthritis

Question 65

Inflammation at the end of the bone

Answer 65

Osteoarthritis

Question 66

Auto immune disease

Answer 66

Rheumatoid arthritis

Question 67

Deposit of uric acid crystals at the big toe

Answer 67

Gout

Question 68

Curvature of the spine (c-shaped) | * Instead of your spine being straight, it curves

Answer 68

Scoliosis