Skeletal System Flashcards
There are ___ vertebrae but only ___ are movable.
33; 26
What is the smallest bone in the body? Where is it?
Stirrup, in the ear
___ bones in the wrists, hands, and fingers
54
___ bones in the ankle, feet, and toes
52
What does the vertebral column protect?
Spinal chord
How many cervical vertebrae are there?
7
How many thoracic vertebrae are there?
12
how many lumbar vertebrae are there?
5
How many sacral vertebrae are there?
5 fuse into 1
How many coccygeal vertebrae are there?
4 fuse into 1
What do ribs protect?
Heart, lungs, and liver.
How many pairs of ribs do people usually have?
12
How many ribs are connected to the sternum?
7
Next 3 ribs are connected to what?
Cartilage
What are the last 2 ribs called?
Floaters
When you perform a double arm row - shoulders squeezed together and supported by the ________.
scapula
Supportive bone in the leg
Tibia
Unsupportive bone in the leg
Fibula
What does the skull protect?
Brain
_____ bones in the head and face, only bone that can move is the _____.
29; jaw
Appendicular (arms and legs) has how many bones?
126
What are the 4 layers of the bone? Explain them.
Periosteum: membrane of the outside of bones
Compact: hard outer bone (what you see in an x-ray)
Spongy: next inner layer
Bone marrow - mainly produces red and yellow blood cells
* Red - makes blood
* Yellow - makes fat
What are the functions of bones?
- Protects vital organs
- Provides support, sets your body’s form
- Provides a framework of levers that your muscles are attached to
- Makes red blood cells (mainly), sometimes white blood cells and platelets
- Storage for calcium and other minerals
List the shapes of bones.
Long
Short
Flat
Irregular
List the 3 things that keep your bones strong.
Calcium, vitamin D, and resistance training
Ligaments connect _____ to _____.
bone to bone
Tendons connect _____ to _____.
muscle to bone
What are the functions of cartilage?
It is at the ends of bones and is a shock absorber.
Ligament in the knee that is called the _________ _________ (in the front).
anterior cruciate
What is a closed fracture?
bone breaks but doesn’t go through the skin
What is an open fracture?
punctures the skin
What is a multiple fracture?
two or more breaks to the same bone
What is a spiral fracture?
fracture caused by twisting
What is a green stick fracture?
the bone bends and partially breaks but the break is incomplete
What is a comminuted fracture?
Bone fractures into several pieces
List the 6 different fractures.
Open Closed Multiple Spiral Green stick Comminuted
Ball and socket joint
Shoulder and hip,
Most moveable joint
Hinge joint
Elbow and knee
Flexion and extension
Pivot joint
Radius and neck,
Allows bones to twist or spin
Condyloid joint
Carpals,
Can do all but rotate
Saddle joint
Unique to the thumb,
Shaped like a saddle
Gliding (plane) joint
Metatarsals, metacarpals (hands and feet)
Fixed (Synarthroses)
Immovable,
Found in your skull
Super thick membrane/liquid, allows your joints to not have friction with your bones
Bursa
Flexion
Decrease
Extension
Increase
Abduction
Away from the body
Adduction
Towards the body
Rotation
Pivots around an axis
Circumduction
Combination movement
* Greatest range of motion at the joint
Supination
Hands palms forward and up
Pronation
Hands palms down and away
Eversion
Sole of the foot roles out
Inversion
Foot roles in, sole of the foot roles in
Elevation
Raising of a body part
Depression
Lowering of a body part
Protraction
Body part moves forward
Retraction
Body part moves back
Tear or complete separation of the ligament
Sprain
Cartilage tears at the knee
Meniscus tears
Bones are forced out of alignments
Dislocation
Inflammation of the bursa
Bursitis
Inflammation of the tendon
Tendinitis
Inflammation of the joint
Arthritis
Inflammation at the end of the bone
Osteoarthritis
Auto immune disease
Rheumatoid arthritis
Deposit of uric acid crystals at the big toe
Gout
Curvature of the spine (c-shaped)
* Instead of your spine being straight, it curves
Scoliosis
