Mid-Term Pt 2

Question 1

Define anatomy

Answer 1

The study of the structure of the body, their forms, and arrangements.

Question 2

Define physiology

Answer 2

How the body functions

Question 3

Define exercise physiology

Answer 3

How the body functions during exercise

Question 4

Health

Answer 4

Absence of disease

Question 5

Fitness

Answer 5

The degree of body functioning and the ability of the body to handle physical demands

Question 6

List and describe the 5 components of fitness

Answer 6

1. Cardiorespiratory endurance - The efficiency in which the body delivers oxygen and nutrients for macular activity and transports waste products from the cells. 2. Muscular Strength - greatest amount of force a muscle or muscle group can exert in a single force. 3. Muscular Endurance - ability of a muscle or muscle group to perform repeated movements at submax force. 4. Flexibility - ability to move a joint or group of joints through an entire normal range of motion. 5. Body Composition - amount of body fat a person has compared to their total body mass.

Question 7

What is the F.I.T.T. Principle?

Answer 7

A basic philosophy of what is necessary to gain a training effect from an exercise program.

Question 8

What is the purpose of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 8

The more efficient your heart become at giving oxygen and transporting wastes.

Question 9

How do you find your max heart rate? How do you find it when exercising?

Answer 9

220 - 17 = 203 When exercising: 203 x 0.85 = 173

Question 10

What is the purpose of the respiratory system?

Answer 10

Bring oxygen and release carbon dioxide

Question 11

Define joints

Answer 11

Where bones come together (articulation)

Question 12

Classification of joints: Synovial

Answer 12

Diarthroses - freely movable

Question 13

Classification of joints: Ball and socket

Answer 13

Shoulder and hip

Question 14

Classification of joints: Hinge

Answer 14

Elbow and knee

Question 15

Classification of joints: Pivot

Answer 15

Ulna & radius, neck

Question 16

Classification of joints: Condyloid

Answer 16

Wrist

Question 17

Classification of joints: Saddle

Answer 17

Thumb

Question 18

Classification of joints: Gliding

Answer 18

Metacarpals to phalanges

Question 19

Define joint cavity

Answer 19

Bones are movable because of the synovial fluid in bursa sacks

Question 20

Movements: Flexion

Answer 20

Decrease of the angle

Question 21

Movements: Extension

Answer 21

Increase of the angle

Question 22

Movements: Abduction

Answer 22

Away from the body

Question 23

Movements: Adduction

Answer 23

Moving back to the body

Question 24

Movements: Rotation

Answer 24

Moving a bone on a central axis

Question 25

Movements: Circumduction

Answer 25

Combination of different movements

Question 26

Movements: Supination

Answer 26

Facing up

Question 27

Movements: Pronation

Answer 27

Facing down

Question 28

Movements: Eversion

Answer 28

Outside sprain

Question 29

Movements: Inversion

Answer 29

Inward sprain

Question 30

Movements: Protraction

Answer 30

Moving back part forward

Question 31

Movements: Retraction

Answer 31

Moving body part back to the body

Question 32

Movements: Elevation

Answer 32

Raising body part

Question 33

Movements: Depression

Answer 33

Lowering body part

Question 34

Fractures: Open

Answer 34

Bone breaks and punctures skin

Question 35

Fractures: Closed

Answer 35

Bone breaks but doesn't puncture skin

Question 36

Fractures: Greenstick

Answer 36

Cracks but doesn't break all the way

Question 37

Fractures: Comminuted

Answer 37

Shatters in many pieces

Question 38

Fractures: Spiral

Answer 38

Twists

Question 39

Fractures: Multiple

Answer 39

Multiple breaks in the same bone

Question 40

Describe the pattern of blood flow

Answer 40

Question 41

Describe the pattern of respiration

Answer 41

1. Air entered nostrils and is warmed by mucous membranes. 2. Cilia in the nose and trachea filter out small particles. 3. From the nasal cavity, air enters the pharynx (throat). 4. Then moves to the larynx (voicebox). Epiglottis is closed 5. Proceeds down the trachea (windpipe) which is about 4 1/2 inches long. Held open by cartilage that's c-shaped 6. Divides into right and left primary bronchi (bronchus) 7. Each bronchi enters a lung and divides for each of the 5 lobes. 8. Bronchi branch further, eventually becoming bronchioles. 9. At the end of the bronchioles are the alveoli (air bags). 10. The alveoli is where the exchange of gases occurs. 11. Gases: carbon dioxide and oxygen

Question 42

Label the Respiratory System

Answer 42

Question 43

Label the Skeletal System

Answer 43

Question 44

What are the 4 layers of the bone? Explain them.

Answer 44

Periosteum: membrane outside of the bone Compact: Hard outer bone (you see in x-rays) Spongy: next soft inner layer Bone marrow: mainly produces red and yellow blood cells • Red - blood • Yellow - fat

Question 45

What are the functions of bones?

Answer 45

1. Protects vital organs 2. Provides support, sets your body's form 3. Provides a framework of levers that your muscles are attached to. 4. Makes red blood cells (mainly), sometimes white blood cells and platelets. 5. Storage for calcium and other minerals

Question 46

3 Things that keep your bones strong

Answer 46

Calcium, Vitamin D, and resistance training

Question 47

What acts as a shock absorber at the ends of bones?

Answer 47

Cartilage