SKELETAL SYSTEM

Question 1

The ends of the long bone structure

Answer 1

Epiphyses

Question 2

Part of bone structure containing epiphyseal growth plate and line

Answer 2

Metaphyses

Question 3

Long main portion (shaft) of a bone structure

Answer 3

Diaphysis

Question 4

A plate within the Metaphysis of a growing bone - Once growth stops, an epiphyseal line is present

Answer 4

Epiphyseal Growth Plate

Question 5

What is the thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering the epiphyses?

Answer 5

Articular Cartilage

Question 6

A tough CT covering that surrounds bone to protect, nourish, and heals bone serving as an attachment site for tendon and ligaments

Answer 6

Periosteum

Question 7

Layer of periosteum that is tough and provide support/protection

Answer 7

Outer periosteum layer

Question 8

Blood cell production

Answer 8

Hemapoiesis/Hematopoiesis

Question 9

Layer of periosteum in which bone forming cells take place

Answer 9

Inner periosteum layer

Question 10

Space within the diaphysis containing red and yellow marrow

Answer 10

Medullary Cavity (Marrow Cavity)

Question 11

Blood cell formation in the medullary cavity

Answer 11

Red marrow

Question 12

Fat storage in the medullary cavity

Answer 12

Yellow marrow

Question 13

A substance of the bone containing 25% water, 25% collagen, and 50% mineral salts

Answer 13

Matrix

Question 14

A cell that is active during growth, healing, and cyclical bone replacement - develops into an osteoblast

Answer 14

Osteoprogenitor Cells

Question 15

A bone forming cell that secretes alkaline phosphatase

Answer 15

Osteoblast

Question 16

A mature bone cell

Answer 16

Osteocyte

Question 17

A bone ‘eating’ cell removing foreign particles

Answer 17

Osteoclast

Question 18

Aka. Cortical/dense bone. The external layer of all bones providing protection and support

Answer 18

Compact Bone

Question 19

A roughly cylindrical structure which is the fundamental functional unit for the compact bone. Aka. Haversian system

Answer 19

Osteon

Question 20

A hole through the centre of Osteon which blood and lymphatic vessels run

Answer 20

Central (Haversian) Canal

Question 21

Rings of calcified bone matrix circling around the Central Haversian Canal

Answer 21

Concentric Lamellae

Question 22

Spaces between the Concentric Lamellae containing osteocytes

Answer 22

Lacunae

Question 23

Small channels filled with extracellular fluid, sticking out from Lacunae allowing osteocytes communication

Answer 23

Canaliculi

Question 24

Aka. Perforating Canals.

Holes run transversely to connect inner and outer portion of bone to transmit blood vessel

Answer 24

Volkmann’s Canals

Question 25

Sheets of trabeculae with red bone marrow contained within the spaces, designed for lower stresses or stresses from different directions

Answer 25

Spongy Bone (Cancellous Bone)

Question 26

Osteocytes in Lacunae connected by Canaliculi are contained in the?

Answer 26

Trabeculae

Question 27

Arteries enter the diaphysis at the Volkmann’s Canals to supply periosteum and outer compact bone

Answer 27

Periosteal Arteries

Question 28

Arteries enter the diaphysis via‎ the nutrient foramen supplying the inner compact, spongy, and red bone marrow

Answer 28

Nutrient Arteries

Question 29

Arteries supplying the metaphysis

Answer 29

Metaphyseal Arteries

Question 30

Arteries supplying the epiphysis

Answer 30

Epiphyseal Arteries

Question 31

From birth to adolescence, bone growth is ________ than bone loss

Answer 31

Greater

Question 32

In young adults, bone growth is _______ to bone loss

Answer 32

Equal

Question 33

From middle age, bone loss _______ bone growth

Answer 33

Exceeds

Question 34

Where long bones get thicker by osteoblast

Answer 34

Periosteum

Question 35

Where the laying of new bone takes place

Answer 35

Periphery