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Physio - Classes 5-8 > NERVOUS SYSTEM > Flashcards

NERVOUS SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

This system consists of the brain and spinal cord

A

CNS

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2
Q

This system consists of all other nervous tissue outside CNS

A

PNS

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3
Q

This system contains a sensory receptor, an integrating centre, and an effector that responds to motor nerve impulses

A

Nervous System

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4
Q

The 2 types of nervous tissues that are designed for communication

A

Neuroglia and Neurons

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5
Q

This nervous tissue functions to support, nourish, protect, and multiple to fill spaces formerly occupied by neurons if injured or diseased

A

Neuroglia

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6
Q

Nervous tissue that responds to a stimulus and converts it into an action potential, communicating in short or long distances travelling at different speeds

A

Neurons

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7
Q

A cell of the neuroglia assisting the formation of the blood-brain barrier, providing nutrients and protection of the CNS

A

Astrocytes

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8
Q
  • A specialized barrier that prevents/protects the passage of material (harmful substances) from the blood and brain.
  • This capillary is encircled by the astrocyte and astrocyte end feet
A

Blood-Brain Barrier

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9
Q

A cell of the neuroglia that forms/maintains the myelin sheath of the CNS

A

Oilgodendeocytes

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10
Q

A cell of the neuroglia is a phagocytotic cell, that removes debris/phagocytize microbes of the CNS

A

Microglia

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11
Q

Cell lining the cavity of the brain and spinal cord (CNS), and produces/assist the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid

A

Ependymal Cells

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12
Q

A clear, colourless fluid that circulates the brain and spinal cord, protecting them from injury

A

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

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13
Q

Cell encircling the axons in the PNS, and form the myelin sheath and the regeneration of PNS axons

A

Schwann Cells

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14
Q

According to the number of processes extending from the cell body of a neuron, it is classified as a?

A

Structural Classification

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15
Q

This neuron structure has several dendrites and one axon.

A

Multipolar Neuron

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16
Q

This neuron structure has one main dendrite and one axon

A

Bipolar Neuron

17
Q

Neuron structure with a peripheral axon with sensory receptors and a central axon with axon terminals. Found in the PNS

A

Unipolar

18
Q

According to the direction in which the AP is conducted with respect to the CNS, the neurons are classified as a??

A

Functional Classification

19
Q
  • Majority of these neurons are unipolar and travel in the spinal and cranial nerves.
  • Once activated by a stimulus, AP forms and prolongates along the axon and is carried into the CNS
A

Sensory Neurons (Afferent Neurons)

20
Q
  • Multipolar neurons that transmit impulses from the CNS to effectors in the body periphery.
  • AP propagates away from CNS to effectors(cells and organs)
A

Motor Neurons (Efferent Neurons)

21
Q
  • A multipolar neuron that integrate and process info from sensory neurons, then a response is formed and relevant motor neurons are activated if required.
  • These neurons complete the communication pathway between sensory and motor neurons; residing in the CNS.
A

Interneurons (Association Neurons)

22
Q
  • The site of communication between two neurons or another type of cell.
  • There are two types of communication sites
A

Synapses

23
Q

A fast, direct synapses of APs conducting directly between the plasma membranes of adjacent cells through gap junctions, allowing for the synchronization of function

A

Electrical Synapses

24
Q

A slow synapses of the release of neurotransmitter from post-synaptic neuron, diffusing across the synaptic cleft, binding to the post-synaptic neuron

A

Chemical Synapses

25
Q

A chemical synapses with the continuation of the AP is more likely, if the neurotransmitter is?

A

Excitatory

26
Q

A chemical synapses with the continuation of the AP is less likely, if the neurotransmitter is?

A

Inhibitory

27
Q

Where axons extend through the ventral root then the spinal nerve to innervate skeletal muscles

A

Somatic Motor Neurons

28
Q

Neurons in the lateral horn, pass through the lateral gray horn, anterior gray horn, and the anterior root to enter spinal cord, innervating cardiac muscles, smooth muscles or glands

A

Autonomic Motor Neurons

29
Q

What is the primary energy substrate for the nervous system?

A

Glucose

30
Q

Where does the nervous system gather glucose?

A

Blood or Neuroglial Cells

31
Q

In the PNS, damage to dendrites and myelinated axons can be repaired if the cell body is _______ and Schwann cells are _______.

A

Intact and Active

32
Q

Little or no repair of damaged neurons occurs in what NS?

A

CNS

Physio - Classes 5-8 (5 decks)

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