CNS/PNS STRUCTURES & FUNCTIONS

Question 1

System consisting of:

• Cranial/spinal nerves in their branches
• Ganglia
• Enteric plexuses
• Sensory receptors

Answer 1

PNS

Question 2

System consisting of the brain and spinal cord

Answer 2

CNS

Question 3

Structure of the CNS that is encased in the vertebrae, extending from the end of brain stem to the L2, tapering into the Conus Medullaris (end of spinal cord)

Answer 3

Spinal Cord

Question 4

The roots of the spinal nerves, below the Conus Medullaris are called?

Answer 4

Cauda Equina

Question 5

What are the two grooves that divide the white matter into right and left sides of the spinal cord?

Answer 5

Anterior Media Fissure -and- Posterior Median Sulcus

Question 6

Structure with 3 regions and a net-like Reticular Formation spreading throughout, connecting from the Diencephalon to the spinal cord, all containing the nuclei of specific cranial nerves

Answer 6

Brain Stem

Question 7

Region of the brain stem controlling heart rate, blood pressure, breathing, swallowing, and vomiting

Answer 7

Medulla Oblongata

Question 8

A brain stem region controlling the breathing

Answer 8

Pons

Question 9

Region of the brain containing Substantia Nigra nuclei (neurons making dopamine), controlling the reflex visual activities and hearing

Answer 9

Midbrain

Question 10

Brain structure found posteriorly to the brain, regulating posture/balance, and smoothes/coordinates skeletal muscle contraction

Answer 10

Cerebellum

Question 11

Region of the brain contain 3 structures:

• Hypothalamus
• Thalamus
• Epithalamus

Answer 11

Diencephalon

Question 12

Major regulator of homeostasis

Answer 12

Hypothalamus

Question 13

Structure within the Diecephalon that functions as the major relay station for most sensory input to the cerebral cortex

Answer 13

Thalamus

Question 14

Structure within the Diecephalon containing the pineal gland, involved in emotional responses to smells

Answer 14

Epithalamus

Question 15

Structure with 2 hemispheres consisting of a cerebral cortex (outer rim of grey matter), white matter (inner region), and gee matter nuclei

Answer 15

Cerebrum

Question 16

Contains sensory and motor areas involved in perception and the execution of voluntary movements

Answer 16

Cerebral Cortex

Question 17

The associated areas dealing with the more complex functions. (movements/subconscious contractions/unwanted movements/resting muscle tone)

Answer 17

White matter

Question 18

Linked to Substantia Nigra….

Answer 18

Basal Ganglia

Question 19

System in the cerebrum involved in emotion, smelling, and memory. (Hypothalamus, Hippocampus, Amygdala)

Answer 19

Limbic System

Question 20

Cerebrum functions in memory, converting short term memory to long term memory

Answer 20

Hippocampus

Question 21

The emotional functioning in the cerebrum

Answer 21

Amygdala

Question 22

3 CT layers that protect/cover the brain and spinal cord

Answer 22

Meninges

Question 23

Meninges tough outer layer

Answer 23

Dura Mater

Question 24

Meninges middle layer

Answer 24

Arachnoid

Question 25

Meninges inner layer

Answer 25

Pia Mater

Question 26

The voluntary nervous system where motor neurons conduct signals from the CNS to the skeletal muscle

Answer 26

SNS

Question 27

Monitors (sensory) and controls (motor) body activities automatically consisting of 2 divisions

Answer 27

ANS

Question 28

ANS division of “fight or flight”. High sympathetic activities

Answer 28

SyNS

Question 29

ANS division that conserves/restore energy, and increased digestive and urinary functions. “Rest and digest”

Answer 29

PaNS

Question 30

NS that has sensory and motor neurons monitors chemical change and control contractions of the GI tract

Answer 30

ENS