Skeletal System

Question 0

Diaphysis

Answer 0

Long part of the bone

Question 1

What are the 6 functions of the skeletal system?

Answer 1

Support, protection, assistance in movement, mineral homeostasis, blood cell production, triglygeride storage

Question 2

Epiphysis

Answer 2

Distal and proximal ends

Question 3

Articular cartilage

Answer 3

Covers epiphysis-protects where bones meet

Question 4

Periosteum

Answer 4

Outside surface

Question 5

Medullary cavity

Answer 5

Where marrow is found

Question 6

Endosteum

Answer 6

Thin membrane inside bone

Question 7

What is bone matrix made of?

Answer 7

25%water
25%collagen
50%minerals

Question 8

Osteogenic

Answer 8

Only bone cells who divide- make osteoblasts

Question 9

Osteoblasts

Answer 9

“Bone builders” secure collagen and initiates calcification

Question 10

Osteocytes

Answer 10

Mature bone cells

Question 11

Osteoclasts

Answer 11

Release enzymes to digest protein and minerals in matrix

Question 12

Characteristics of Compact Bone

Answer 12

80% of skeleton
Arranged in OSTEONS
Provides protection support and resists stress

Question 13

Characteristics of spongy bone

Answer 13

20% of skeleton
Composed of TRABICULLAE
Short and irregular bones

Question 14

What is the difference between osteon and trabiculae?

Answer 14

Osteons are circular structures with the blood flowing in the middle
Trabiculae are porous structures that can absorb impact well

Question 15

What indicates unhealthy bones in a bone scan?

Answer 15

Bones absorb radioactive tracers such as barium that make bones show up in the bone scan
Too dark or splotchy =increased metabolism = likely cancerous cells
Too light = decreased metabolism likely degenerative bone disease

Question 16

Axial skeleton

Answer 16

Head, neck, trunk/spinal cord

Question 17

Appendicular skeleton

Answer 17

Upper and lower limbs, pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle

Question 18

What bone doesn’t articulate?

Answer 18

The hyoid, it’s a build up of cartilage that attaches the muscles of the mouth.

Question 19

What is the function of the sinus cavity?

Answer 19

Allows air to pass and make mucus drain

Question 20

What are fontanels? Why do they exist? How long do we have them?

Answer 20

Areas of cartilage connecting skull bones, “soft spots” on babies they fuse between ages 1-2

Question 21

Interstitial growth

Answer 21

Length

Question 22

Appositional growth

Answer 22

Width

Question 23

Endochondral growth

Answer 23

Bones starting to develop in babies mostly cartilage, grows with the epiphyseal plate

Question 24

How many bones are in a baby? Adult?

Answer 24

Over 300 in a baby, 206 in an adult

Question 25

How does this help with bone growth and development?

Ca,p,vitamin c

Answer 25

Good bone growth

Question 26

How does this help with bone growth and development?

Vitamin A

Answer 26

Osteoblast activity

Question 27

How does this help with bone growth and development?

Growth factor

Answer 27

Increase in length at the epiphyseal plate

Question 28

How does this help with bone growth and development?

Sex hormones

Answer 28

Increase osteoblast activity “growth spurt” pelvic size change

Question 29

Greenstick fracture

Answer 29

Incomplete, convex surface, bend in the bone

Question 30

Comminuated

Answer 30

Fracture is complete and fragments are shattered

Question 31

Transverse fracture

Answer 31

Complete break at a right angle

Question 32

Oblique fracture

Answer 32

Complete at an angle

Question 33

Spiral fracture

Answer 33

Twisting of the bone excessively

Question 34

Fissured fracture

Answer 34

Incomplete longitudinal break

Question 35

What is osteoporosis?

Answer 35

Holes in the bones, osteoclasts outnumber osteoblasts, women’s bone loss occurs 8% per decade while men occur 3% per decade.

Question 36

How will a bone heal itself?

Answer 36

1. Hematoma- huge blood clot
2. Internal and external callus formed
3. External callus calcifies
4. Everything calcifies marked by swelling, remodeling will reshape it