Skeletal system Flashcards
where is the word skeletal derived from and why is it as misnomer when referring to the skeletal system
dried up
bones are composed of living tissue - bone cells fat cells and blood vessels aswell all non living minerals and water
5 main functions
structural support = structural support for soft tissue including muscles and viscera
protection = protective for delicate parts of the body
growth centre for cells = red blood cells and platelets are made in bones
reservoir of minerals= a resrvoir that the body can call upon order to regulate the level of calcium and phosphorus
movement= muscles attached to bones by tendons , contract and moves bones to initiate movement
axial skeleton
number of bones= 80
function of skeleton= protect the spinal cord, protect lungs and heart
orgin for muscle attachement
examples = spine , skull , ribs
examples = rectus transversus abdonminus
stabilize and support axial skel
types of bones
long bones= found in arms and legs. femur or best example , movement locomotion
shortbones = wrists , carpal bone ,range movement
flatbone= flat and thin , often protect vital organs of the body from injury. roof of skull parietal bone
irregular bone = protection muscle attachment , vertebrae , spheroid bone
seasamoid bones =small flat wrapped within tendons that move , attachment to tendons and knees , putella
structure of long bone
articulating cartilage= cartilage located on both ends of long bone. allows smooth movement within joints while protecting the ends of bones
peritoneum= outer connective tissue that covers the entire length of the bone.
medullary cavity = found inside the shaft of the bone filled with red and yellow bone marrow
compact bone= more dense part responsible for structural integrity
diaphysis = shaft of bone
epipihysis = ends of long bone region , compact bone
cancellous spongy = filled with marrow in small cavity spaces
formatative period:
from fifth to twelfth weeks of intrauterine life during which all primary centers of ossification occur
- limb buds appear on embryo
- limb buds fill with mesenchyme
- mesenchyme becomes condensed and cartilagenous’
- cartilage is invaded by calcium phosphate
- cartilage becomes calcified
- osteoblasts replace calcified cartilage with bone
- primary center of ossification established
growth period
lasting to puberty during which all secondary growth centers appear
- diaphysis becomes capped
- growrth of epiphyseal plate
consolidation period
puberty to attainment of adult stature
- epiphysis fuses with shaft
- bone modelling continues until maturity
