basic movements involving a joint

Question 1

Flexion

Answer 1

• bending the joint to decrease the angle between two or more bones
• occurs in a saggital plane
• motion in the anterior ( forward) direction at the joints of the neck , trunk , upper extremities and hips.
• for knee , ankle , foot and toes flexion occurs in the posterior ( backward direction ) ( plantar flexion)

example= touch your right shoulder with your right hand, then elbow is flexion

Question 2

extension

Answer 2

straightening a joint to increase the angle , occurs in sagittal plane
- anatomical position , extreme extension is hyper extension , ankle or wrist is dorsiflexion

example= straighten your legs , the knees undergo extension

Question 3

abduction

Answer 3

movement away from the median plane. occurs in the frontal plane
-joint moves bone away
- abduction at wrist= radial deviation
examples = stand with your feet apart your legs are abducted

Question 4

adduction

ulnar deviation

Answer 4

opposite as abduction . movement towards medial plane
-occurs in frontal
examples= squeeze your knees together , adducting legs
feet together , adducting legs/feet

Question 5

Internal rotation

Answer 5

internal rotation of a limb moves its anterior surface medially
example= internal rotation of the hips turns knee and foot towards the midline
-> moves feet to touch other feet

Question 6

external rotation

Answer 6

opposite of internal rotation
moves its anterior surface away from midline
example= you externally rotate your hip when your point your feet out to the side

Question 7

circumduction

Answer 7

combining flexion , extension , abduction and adduction
-saggital horizontal , and FAP

example= making circles in the air with your arms is an example of circumduction
hips rotate

Question 8

supination

Answer 8

• lateral rotation of the hand and forearm such that palms face forward as in anatomical position
• inversion , adduction and plantar flexion
• transverse plane
• example holding soup

Question 9

pronation

Answer 9

medial rotation the hand and forearm such that plam faces down (back ward) from anatomical
- eversion , abduction , dorsiflexion
example= dump soup
-transverse plane

Question 10

protraction

Answer 10

moving in an anterior forward direction
example= sticking your chin out
-sagittal plane

Question 11

retraction

Answer 11

moving in a posterior backward direction

example= pushing your shoulders back to squeeze your shoulder blades

Question 12

dorsi flexion

Answer 12

movement of the ankle in the saggital plane that decreases the angle between foot and lower leg

example= point foot towards head your ankle is dorsiflexed

Question 13

plantar flexion

Answer 13

movement of the ankle in the sagittal plane that increases the angle between the foot and lower leg

example= tippy toes , your ankles are plantar flexed

Question 14

Inversion

Answer 14

occurs when the medial border of the foot is raised such that the sole of the foot is turned inward ( plantar region)
-frontal
example = gum on shoe check
standing on the outer edge of your foot , your foot is inverted

Question 15

eversion

Answer 15

occurs when the lateral border of the foot is raised given that the sole of the foot is turned outward
-frontal
example= when you stand on the inner edge of your feet , your foot is everted
ouch

Question 16

rotation ( TWIST SPINE)

Answer 16

a joint is to turn the moving bone about its axis rotation toward the body is internal / medial rotation ; rotation away from the body is external lateral( transverse longitudinal)
ex twist arm toward body ( internal) , thumb in or out external

Question 17

elevation

Answer 17

raising up to a more superior position

example= IDK , shoulder hunch shoulder elevated , no axis

Question 18

depression

Answer 18

opposite of elevation
pulling down to more inferior position
example = slouch shoulders shoulders depressed

Question 19

opposition

Answer 19

occurs when the thumb comes in contact with one of the other fingers,
-transverse or frontal
example-= bring thumb over to touch any one of the other fingers

Question 20

reposition

Answer 20

occurs when thumb returned back to anatomical position

ex when you move thumb from finger and return it to the anatomical position , thumb is re positioned

Question 21

upward rotation

Answer 21

raising arm to 180
for every 2 degrees of abduction the scapula moves 1 degree upwards rotation ( frontal )
this is due to when the humerus undergoes abduction capsule rotates around the humerus to prevent bone on bone

Question 22

downward rotation

Answer 22

back to adduction back to anatomical position

frontal