Skeletal System Flashcards
Axial Skeleton
Bones that form the longitudinal axis of the body. In other words, the central core section of bones. (Ribs, Skull, Neck, Back, Chest)
Textbook: skull, vertebral column, thorax, and sternum.
Appendicular Skeleton
Bones of limbs and girdles.
Textbook: bones of the limbs and limb girdles attched to the axial ske.
Compact Bone
type of bone tissue that is dense and looks smooth.
Spongy Bone
composed of small needlelike pieces of bone and lots of open space.
Long Bones
long bones that are mostly compact bone. As a rule, they have a shaft with heads at both ends. All bones of limbs are long bones (except for wrist and ankle).
Short Bones
Generally square-shaped. Contain mostly spongy bone.
Flat Bones
thin, flat, and usually curved. Possess two thin layers of compact bone sandwiching a layer of spongy bone. Most bones of skill, the ribs, and the sternum are flat bones.
Irregular Bones
Bones that don’t fit with other typings. The vertebrae, which make up the spinal column, and the hip bones fall into this group.
Diaphysis
elongated shaft of a long bone.
Periosteum
double-layered connective tissue that covers and nourishes the bone.
Epiphyseal Line
Remnant of the epiphyseal plate (aka the growth plate)
Epiphyseal plates occur in young growing bones.
Hematoma
A pool of mostly clotted blood that forms in an organ, tissue, or body space. A hematoma is usually caused by a broken blood vessel that was damaged by surgery or an injury.
Blood vessels rupture when bone breaks. Blood swelling occurs.
Cranium
The bone tinssue that encloses and protects the fragile brain.
Occipital Bone
Posterior bone of cranium. Forms floor and backwall of skull.
Vertebral Column
Word for Spine, spinal column.
Vertebrae
Parts of the Spine. Of 24 single bones,
- 7 cervical vertebrae (neck)
- 12 thoracic vertebrae (upper)
- 5 lumbar vertebrae (lower)
Before birth, there are 33 bones called vertebrae, but some combine.
Invertabral Discs
Pads of flexible fibrocartilage that separate a single vertebrae.
- cushion shock and provide spine flexibility.
Cervical Vertebrae
Forms the neck region of the spine.
Thoracic Vertebrae
Upper spine
Lumbar Vertebrae
Lower back
Sacrum
Formed from the fusion of 5 vertebrae.
- forms posterior wall of the pelvis.
- connects to the inferior coccyx.
Coccyx
Formed by 3-5 tiny, irregularly shaped vertebrae.
- known as the “tailbone”
Sternum
flat bone formed from fusion of 3 bones. It is attached to first 7 pairs of ribs.
Manubrium, Body, and Xiphoid process.
Ribs
There are 12 pairs.
- the true ribs consist of first 7 pairs attached to sternum by costal cartilages.
- False ribs consist of the next 5 pairs attached indirectly or not attached to the sternum at all.
Clavicle
Collarbone, doubly curved bone.
- attaches to manubrium of the sternum medially and to the scapula laterally.
- acts as a brace to hold the arm away from the top of the thorax and helps prevent shoulder dislocation.
the whole shoulder region caves inward when collarbone breaks.
Scapulae
Shoulder blades, triagular-shaped, and called the “wings”
- flairs when we move our arms posteriorly.
- flattened body and two important processes: acromion and coracoid processes.
Humerus
the bone in your upper arm that’s located between your elbow and your shoulder. Its main function is to provide support for your shoulder and a wide variety of movements for your arm.
Radius
forearm bone.
- in anatomical position, it is the lateral bone (the thumb side.
Ulna
Forearm bone
- in anatomical position, this is the medial bone (closer to pinky).
Carpal Bones
Bones of the wrist that connect to the ulna and radius of the forearm. There are 8 of these bones.
Pelvic Girdle
Bony structure located in lower trunk.
- connects the axial to the lower limbs.
Femur
Thighbone.
- stabilizes body and helps move body weight.
Tibia
The bigger shin bone medial to the fibula.
- main function is to bear weight
Fibula
smaller shin bone. laterel side to the tibia.
