Skeletal System Flashcards
Axial Skeleton
Bones that form the longitudinal axis of the body. In other words, the central core section of bones. (Ribs, Skull, Neck, Back, Chest)
Textbook: skull, vertebral column, thorax, and sternum.
Appendicular Skeleton
Bones of limbs and girdles.
Textbook: bones of the limbs and limb girdles attched to the axial ske.
Compact Bone
type of bone tissue that is dense and looks smooth.
Spongy Bone
composed of small needlelike pieces of bone and lots of open space.
Long Bones
long bones that are mostly compact bone. As a rule, they have a shaft with heads at both ends. All bones of limbs are long bones (except for wrist and ankle).
Short Bones
Generally square-shaped. Contain mostly spongy bone.
Flat Bones
thin, flat, and usually curved. Possess two thin layers of compact bone sandwiching a layer of spongy bone. Most bones of skill, the ribs, and the sternum are flat bones.
Irregular Bones
Bones that don’t fit with other typings. The vertebrae, which make up the spinal column, and the hip bones fall into this group.
Diaphysis
elongated shaft of a long bone.
Periosteum
double-layered connective tissue that covers and nourishes the bone.
Epiphyseal Line
Remnant of the epiphyseal plate (aka the growth plate)
Epiphyseal plates occur in young growing bones.
Hematoma
A pool of mostly clotted blood that forms in an organ, tissue, or body space. A hematoma is usually caused by a broken blood vessel that was damaged by surgery or an injury.
Blood vessels rupture when bone breaks. Blood swelling occurs.
Cranium
The bone tinssue that encloses and protects the fragile brain.
Occipital Bone
Posterior bone of cranium. Forms floor and backwall of skull.
Vertebral Column
Word for Spine, spinal column.
