Digestive System Flashcards
Gastrointestinal tract
This is made up of 7 organs: oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anal canal.
Oral Cavity
Refers to the mouth, the area where food is first digested.
Hard Palate
Located in Oral Cavity on the roof of the mouth. The hard part.
Soft palate
the muscular part at the back of the roof of the mouth. The soft tissue.
Uvula
Hanging ball at the back of throat.
Lingual frenulum
This thin band of tissue connects your tongue to the floor of your mouth.
Pharynx
This is a passageway in the head and neck that is part of both the digestive system and the respiratory system. It connects to both the nose and mouth.
esophagus
This is a tube that connects throat to stomach.
mucosa
this is the soft tissue that lines organs in digestive system, respiratory, and reproductive system.
Submucosa
This is the layer of tissue under the mucosa. It has a specialized function of carrying nutrients and electrolytes.
muscularis externa
This is a smooth muscle layer. Helps movement in GI tract to move food down.
Serosa
the outermost lining of organs that consists of mesothelium.
visceral peritonium
The layers of tissue that cover the outer surface of most organs in the abdomen, including the intestines.
parietal peritoneum
provides protection and support for the abdomen and its organs. This peritoneal layer covers the abdominal walls and acts as a lubricating surface, thereby decreasing the friction between the organs.
mesentary
a fold of membrane that attaches the intestine to the wall around the stomach area and holds it in place.
stomach
a muscular, J-shaped organ in the upper part of the abdomen.
cardioesophageal sphincter
This sphincter acts like a door to the stomach, opening only in one direction so that food can flow into the stomach and not back up the esophagus.
pyloric sphincter
a muscular valve that opens to allow food to pass from the stomach to the top of the small intestine.
greater curvature
forms the long, convex, lateral border of the stomach.
greater omentum
a two-leaflet hammock of fibro-fatty tissue that extends from the greater curvature of the stomach to the transverse colon.
rugae
an anatomical fold or wrinkle (as of the gastric mucous membranes)
lesser curvature
forms shorter surface of the stomach.
chyme
acidic fluid which passes from the stomach to the small intestine, consisting of gastric juices and partly digested food.
small intestine
A long tube-like organ that connects the stomach and the large intestine.
ileocecal valve
a sphincter muscle valve that separates the small intestine and the large intestine.
jejenum
The middle part of the small intestine.
ileum
The last part of the small intestine. It connects to the cecum
duodenum
The first part of the small intestine immediately beyond the stomach, leading to the jejunum.
pancreatic ducts
Your main pancreatic duct connects with your bile duct. This duct transports bile (a fluid that helps with digestion) from your liver to your gallbladder.
bile duct
A tube that carries bile from the liver and gallbladder, through the pancreas, and into the small intestine.
large intestine
includes your cecum, colon, rectum and anus
cecum
A pouch that forms the first part of the large intestine.
appendix
a small pouch attached to the end of the large intestine.
colon
a long tubelike organ in the abdomen.
rectum
Your rectum is at the end of your large intestine, a long, continuous tube that includes your colon, rectum and anus
anal canal
a tube at the end of the rectum that measures 1 1/2 inches in length (about 4 centimeters).
ascending colon
the second part of your colon.
transverse colon
the longest and most movable part of the colon.
descending colon
to store the remains of digested food that will be emptied into the rectum.
sigmoid colon
an āSā shaped portion of the large intestine that begins in front of the pelvic brim as a continuation of the descending colon
liver
an organ that sits just under the rib cage on the right side of the abdomen
gall bladder
a small, pear-shaped organ in your upper right abdomen.
