Integumentary System

Question 1

Apocrine Glands

Answer 1

The less numerous type of sweat gland. Produces a secretion containing water, salts, and proteins.

Question 2

Arrector pili

Answer 2

tiny, smooth muscles attached to hair follicles, which cause the hair to stand upright when activated.

Question 3

Athlete’s Foot

Answer 3

fungal infection of the skin of the feet. Commonly occurs when feet become sweaty, as the fungus (tinea pedis) enters through small cracks in the dermis, or skin.

Question 4

Boils and Carbuncles

Answer 4

Boil: painful, pus-filled bump that forms under your skin when bacteria infect and inflame one or more of your hair follicles. A carbuncle is a cluster of boils that form a connected area of infection under the skin.

Question 5

Basal Cell carcinoma

Answer 5

Basal cells are found at bottom of epidermis. Carcinoma occurs when basal cells develop a mutation in DNA. Overall, it’s a type of skin cancer that most often forms on skin exposed to the sun.

Question 6

Cutaneous membrane

Answer 6

The skin; composed of epidermal and dermal layers.

Question 7

cold sores

Answer 7

small blisters around the mouth. Infection with the herpes simplex virus around the border of the lips

Question 8

Contact dermatitis

Answer 8

an itchy rash caused by direct contact with a substance or an allergic reaction to it. The rash isn’t contagious, but it can be very uncomfortable.

Question 9

Dermis

Answer 9

the deep layer of the skin; composed of dense, irregular connective tissue.

Question 10

epithelial membrane

Answer 10

(includes the cutaneous, serous, and mucous membranes) membranes that cover the surface of the body and line the body cavities, ducts, and vessels. Variety of functions that include protection, secretion, absorption, excretion, filtration, diffusion, and sensory reception

Question 11

Epidermis

Answer 11

The outer layers of the skin; epithelium.

Question 12

Eccrine Glands

Answer 12

A type of simple sweat gland that is found in almost all regions of the skin. These glands produce sweat that reaches the surface of the skin by way of coiled ducts (tubes). The body is cooled as sweat evaporates from the skin.

Question 13

hair follicles

Answer 13

A hair follicle is a tube-like structure (pore) that surrounds the root and strand of a hair. Hair follicles exist in the top two layers of your skin.

Question 14

impetigo

Answer 14

a common and highly contagious skin infection that mainly affects infants and young children. It usually appears as reddish sores on the face, especially around the nose and mouth and on the hands and feet. Over about a week, the sores burst and develop honey-colored crusts.

Question 15

keratin

Answer 15

a tough insoluble protein found in tissues such as hair, nails, and epidermis of the skin.

Question 16

mucous membrane

Answer 16

composed of epithelium resting on a loose connective tissue membrane called a lamina propria. this membrane type lines all body cavities that open to the exterior.

Question 17

melanin

Answer 17

the dark pigment synthesized by melanocytes; responsible for skin color.

Question 18

malignant melanoma

Answer 18

harmful and severe transformation of melanocytes (cells that make skin color). Melanocytes become cancerous.

Question 19

pleura

Answer 19

the serous membrane covering the lungs and lining the thoracic cavity.

Question 20

pericardium

Answer 20

the membranous sac enveloping the heart.

Question 21

psoriasis

Answer 21

A condition in which skin cells build up and form scales and itchy, dry patches. immune system becomes overactive, causing skin cells to multiply too quickly.

Question 22

Serous membrane

Answer 22

membrane that lines a cavity without an opening to the outside of the body (except for joint cavities); serosa.

Question 23

Serous fluid

Answer 23

a clear, watery fluid secreted by the cells of a serous membrane.

Question 24

synovial membrane

Answer 24

a fluid secreted by the synovial membrane; lubricates joint surfaces and nourishes articular cartilages.

Question 25

Skin

Answer 25

the body’s largest and primary protective organ, covering its entire external surface and serving as a first-order physical barrier against the environment. Its functions include temperature regulation and protection against ultraviolet (UV) light, trauma, pathogens, microorganisms, and toxins

Question 26

stratum basale

Answer 26

deepest cell layer of the epidermis (skin). lies close to the dermis and contains epidermal cells that receive the most adequate nourishment via diffusion of nutrients from the dermis. These cells are constantly being multiplied.

Question 27

stratum spinosum

Answer 27

the layer that is closer to the skin’s surface compared to basale.

Keratinocyptes are pushed away from basale and closer to skin’s surface.

Question 28

stratum granulosum

Answer 28

layer closer to skin’s surface when compared to spinosum. Keratinocytes migrating from the underlying stratum spinosum become known as granular cells in this layer.

Question 29

stratum lucidum

Answer 29

Thin layer composed of the dead granulosum keratinocytes in the epidermis.

Question 30

stratum corneum

Answer 30

Outermost layer of epidermis. 20-30 skin cells thick. Represents 30% of the entire epidermal thickness.

Question 31

sebaceous glands

Answer 31

glands that empy their sebum secretion into hair follicles.

sebum is the oily substance.

Question 32

sebum

Answer 32

the oily secretion of sebaceous glands.

Question 33

squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 33

Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin is a type of cancer that starts as a growth of cells on the skin. It starts in cells called squamous cells. The squamous cells make up the middle and outer layers of the skin.

Squamous: thin cells that form the free surface of some epithelial tissues.

Question 34

Peritoneum

Answer 34

The serous membrane lining the interioir of the abdominal cavity and covering the surfaces of the abdominal organs.

Question 35

Integument

Answer 35

tough outer protective layer