Integumentary System Flashcards
Apocrine Glands
The less numerous type of sweat gland. Produces a secretion containing water, salts, and proteins.
Arrector pili
tiny, smooth muscles attached to hair follicles, which cause the hair to stand upright when activated.
Athlete’s Foot
fungal infection of the skin of the feet. Commonly occurs when feet become sweaty, as the fungus (tinea pedis) enters through small cracks in the dermis, or skin.
Boils and Carbuncles
Boil: painful, pus-filled bump that forms under your skin when bacteria infect and inflame one or more of your hair follicles. A carbuncle is a cluster of boils that form a connected area of infection under the skin.
Basal Cell carcinoma
Basal cells are found at bottom of epidermis. Carcinoma occurs when basal cells develop a mutation in DNA. Overall, it’s a type of skin cancer that most often forms on skin exposed to the sun.
Cutaneous membrane
The skin; composed of epidermal and dermal layers.
cold sores
small blisters around the mouth. Infection with the herpes simplex virus around the border of the lips
Contact dermatitis
an itchy rash caused by direct contact with a substance or an allergic reaction to it. The rash isn’t contagious, but it can be very uncomfortable.
Dermis
the deep layer of the skin; composed of dense, irregular connective tissue.
epithelial membrane
(includes the cutaneous, serous, and mucous membranes) membranes that cover the surface of the body and line the body cavities, ducts, and vessels. Variety of functions that include protection, secretion, absorption, excretion, filtration, diffusion, and sensory reception
Epidermis
The outer layers of the skin; epithelium.
Eccrine Glands
A type of simple sweat gland that is found in almost all regions of the skin. These glands produce sweat that reaches the surface of the skin by way of coiled ducts (tubes). The body is cooled as sweat evaporates from the skin.
hair follicles
A hair follicle is a tube-like structure (pore) that surrounds the root and strand of a hair. Hair follicles exist in the top two layers of your skin.
impetigo
a common and highly contagious skin infection that mainly affects infants and young children. It usually appears as reddish sores on the face, especially around the nose and mouth and on the hands and feet. Over about a week, the sores burst and develop honey-colored crusts.
keratin
a tough insoluble protein found in tissues such as hair, nails, and epidermis of the skin.
mucous membrane
composed of epithelium resting on a loose connective tissue membrane called a lamina propria. this membrane type lines all body cavities that open to the exterior.
melanin
the dark pigment synthesized by melanocytes; responsible for skin color.
malignant melanoma
harmful and severe transformation of melanocytes (cells that make skin color). Melanocytes become cancerous.
pleura
the serous membrane covering the lungs and lining the thoracic cavity.
pericardium
the membranous sac enveloping the heart.
psoriasis
A condition in which skin cells build up and form scales and itchy, dry patches. immune system becomes overactive, causing skin cells to multiply too quickly.
Serous membrane
membrane that lines a cavity without an opening to the outside of the body (except for joint cavities); serosa.
Serous fluid
a clear, watery fluid secreted by the cells of a serous membrane.
synovial membrane
a fluid secreted by the synovial membrane; lubricates joint surfaces and nourishes articular cartilages.
Skin
the body’s largest and primary protective organ, covering its entire external surface and serving as a first-order physical barrier against the environment. Its functions include temperature regulation and protection against ultraviolet (UV) light, trauma, pathogens, microorganisms, and toxins
stratum basale
deepest cell layer of the epidermis (skin). lies close to the dermis and contains epidermal cells that receive the most adequate nourishment via diffusion of nutrients from the dermis. These cells are constantly being multiplied.
stratum spinosum
the layer that is closer to the skin’s surface compared to basale.
Keratinocyptes are pushed away from basale and closer to skin’s surface.
stratum granulosum
layer closer to skin’s surface when compared to spinosum. Keratinocytes migrating from the underlying stratum spinosum become known as granular cells in this layer.
stratum lucidum
Thin layer composed of the dead granulosum keratinocytes in the epidermis.
stratum corneum
Outermost layer of epidermis. 20-30 skin cells thick. Represents 30% of the entire epidermal thickness.
sebaceous glands
glands that empy their sebum secretion into hair follicles.
sebum is the oily substance.
sebum
the oily secretion of sebaceous glands.
squamous cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin is a type of cancer that starts as a growth of cells on the skin. It starts in cells called squamous cells. The squamous cells make up the middle and outer layers of the skin.
Squamous: thin cells that form the free surface of some epithelial tissues.
Peritoneum
The serous membrane lining the interioir of the abdominal cavity and covering the surfaces of the abdominal organs.
Integument
tough outer protective layer
