Human Anatomy Ch. 1 Vocab

Question 1

Superior

Answer 1

Towards the head end or upper part of a structure or the body; above (The forehead is superior to the nose.)

Question 2

Inferior (caudal)

Answer 2

Away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body; lower (The navel is inferior to the breastbone.)

Question 3

Anterior (ventral)

Answer 3

Toward or at the front of the body; in front of (the breastbone is anterior to the spine.)

Question 4

Posterior (dorsal)

Answer 4

Toward or at the backside of the body; behind ( The heart is posterior to the breastbone.)

Question 5

Sagittal Plane

Answer 5

Divides the body into left + right. Cut on the longitudinal/lengthwise plane of the body. If the cut is made in the middle, then it is called the midsagittal/median section.

Question 6

Transverse

Answer 6

Cut made a long a horizontal plane, dividing the body into superior and anterior parts. (aka cross section)

Question 7

Frontal (coronal) Plane

Answer 7

Divides the body into anterior and posterior (Turn the body to the side and draw a line)

Question 8

Oblique Plane

Answer 8

Divides the body in neither parallel or perpendicular lines. (Shape of X)

Question 9

Thoracic Cavity

Answer 9

Part of the ventral body cavity. It is superior to the rest of the ventral cavity. Space inside the chest. (Think where the thoracic spine is located.)

Question 10

Abdominal Cavity

Answer 10

Inferior to the thoracic cavity (right below it). (Think abs) Space between abdominal wall and spine. Contains stomach, liver, intestines, and other organs.

Question 11

Pelvic Cavity

Answer 11

Inferior to the Abdominal cavity (below). Contains reproductive organs, bladder, and rectum. The cavity tips posteriorly.

Question 12

Serous Membranes

Answer 12

(Refer to Pg. 108+ in the book) layer of simple squamous epithelium resting on a thin layer of areolar connective tissue. Lines body cavities that are closed to the exterior. Covers walls and organs in the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavitites. (Pleura, Peridcardium, peritoneum)

Question 13

Pericardial Cavity

Answer 13

Fluid-filled sac that surrounds the heart. Allows slippery surface for heart to beat. Pericardium

Question 14

Pleural Cavity

Answer 14

Space inside the between the pleura, the two Membranes that line and surround the lungs. Contains fluid to help lungs move.

Question 15

Anatomy

Answer 15

The science of the structure of living organisms.

Question 16

Physiology

Answer 16

the science of the functioning of of living organisms.

Question 17

Organelle

Answer 17

specialized structures in a cell that perform specific metabolic functions.

Question 18

Cell

Answer 18

The basic biological unit of living organisms, contains a nucleus and a variety of organelles enclosed by a limiting membrane.

Question 19

Tissue

Answer 19

a group of similar cells specialized to perform a specific function; primary tissue types are epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissues.

Question 20

Organ

Answer 20

a part of the body formed of two or more tissues that performs a specialized function

Question 21

Organ System

Answer 21

A group of organs that work together to perform a vital body function; example: nervous system.

Question 22

Organism

Answer 22

an individual living thing.

Question 23

Metabolism

Answer 23

the sum total of the chemical reactions that occur in the body.

Question 24

Homeostasis

Answer 24

s state of body equilibrium or stable internal environment of the body.

Question 25

Negative-Feedback Mechanisms

Answer 25

Feedback that causes the stimulus to decline or end.

Question 26

Receptor

Answer 26

a peripheral nerve endings specialized for response to particular types of stimuli; (2) molecule that binds specifically with other molecules, e.g., hormones and Neurotransmitters.

Respond to stimului

Question 27

Control Center

Answer 27

a place from which a system is centrally directed. –> body structure that determines the normal range of the variable. –> The hypothalamus is the control center for many homeostatic functions

Recieves and processes information from receptors.

Question 28

Effector

Answer 28

component in a feedback system that causes a change to reverse the situations and return to normal.

Question 29

Positive Feedback Mechanisms

Answer 29

feedback that tends to cause a variable to change in the same direction as the initial change enhances the stimulus.

Increases the deviation from the ideal normal value.

Question 30

Anatomical Position

Answer 30

scientifically agreed upon reference position for anatomical location terms. Positioning of body