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Anatomy and Physiology > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

What is included in the axial skeleton?

A

Central axis of the body: cranium/skull, mandible, cervical vertebrae, manubrium, sternum, ribs, thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx and ALL the cranial bones

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2
Q

What is included in the appendicular skeleton?

A

shoulder and hip joints, arms, legs: clavicle, scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, pelvic girdle, femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals

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3
Q

What are examples of flat bones?

A

scapula, sternum

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4
Q

What is the name given to the end of long bones?

A

epiphysis

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5
Q

What is the name given the the middle/longest part of a long bone?

A

diaphysis

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6
Q

What is found on the ends of long bones to help joints glide smoothly?

A

articular cartilage

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7
Q

If the calcium level in your blood is LOW- what will be release to break down bone and put calcium back in blood?

A

PTH (parathyroid hormone)

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8
Q

If the calcium level in your blood is HIGH- what will be release to have calcium absorbed by bones and decrease amount in blood?

A

Calcitonin

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9
Q

Which part of the bone matrix gives it flexibility?

A

Osteoid

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10
Q

Which part of the bone matrix gives it hardness/strength?

A

Minerals/hydroxyapatites

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11
Q

Osteocytes

A

Mature bone cells

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12
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Breaks down bone

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13
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Produce new bone

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14
Q

Which type of tissue contains trabeculae?

A

spongy

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15
Q

What is found in the spaces between trabeculae?

A

red bone marrow

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16
Q

What are connected by canaliculi?

A

osteocytes

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17
Q

What are the 4 steps of broken bone repair?

A

hematoma, callus, callus ossification and compact bone forms

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18
Q

What occurs during hematoma formation? (broken bone repair)

A

Blood gathers, cells die, phagocytes ingest dead bone cells & debris

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19
Q

What occurs during callus formation? (broken bone repair)

A

Blood vessels grow, cartilage forms to hold bone together

20
Q

What occurs during callus ossification? (broken bone repair)

A

Spongy bone forms to replace cartilage

21
Q

What occurs during compact bone formation? (broken bone repair)

A

Spongy bone is converted to compact bone

22
Q

Fibrous Joint

A

immoveable/slightly moveable; found between skull bones

23
Q

Cartilaginous Joints

A

immovable/slightly moveable; found between vertebrae and attachment of ribs

24
Q

Synovial Joint

A

highly moveable, contains synovial fluid; found in knee & elbow

25
Q

Which type of synovial joint has the MOST range of motion?

A

Ball and socket

26
Q

Which of the following is the correct order of the vertebral column from (cranial to caudal)?

A

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyx

27
Q

Which of the fracture types is incomplete?

A

greenstick

28
Q

What attaches bone to bone?

A

Ligament

29
Q

What attaches muscle to bone?

A

Tendon

30
Q

Which type of bone contains osteons?

A

Compact

31
Q

-blast

A

immature cell

32
Q

crani-

A

skull

33
Q

clast-

A

breaking down

34
Q

cephal-

A

head

35
Q

epi-

A

upon

36
Q

femor-

A

femur

37
Q

inter-

A

between

38
Q

osteo-

A

bone

39
Q

peri-

A

surrounding, around

40
Q

-physis

A

growth

41
Q

trabecul-

A

little neck

42
Q

How many vertebrae in the CERVICAL spine?

A

7

43
Q

How many vertebrae in the THORACIC spine?

A

12

44
Q

How many vertebrae in the LUMBAR spine?

A

5

45
Q

What two bones does your ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) connect?

A

Femur and tibia

46
Q
A

Anatomy and Physiology (4 decks)

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