Skeletal System Flashcards
What is included in the axial skeleton?
Central axis of the body: cranium/skull, mandible, cervical vertebrae, manubrium, sternum, ribs, thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx and ALL the cranial bones
What is included in the appendicular skeleton?
shoulder and hip joints, arms, legs: clavicle, scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, pelvic girdle, femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals
What are examples of flat bones?
scapula, sternum
What is the name given to the end of long bones?
epiphysis
What is the name given the the middle/longest part of a long bone?
diaphysis
What is found on the ends of long bones to help joints glide smoothly?
articular cartilage
If the calcium level in your blood is LOW- what will be release to break down bone and put calcium back in blood?
PTH (parathyroid hormone)
If the calcium level in your blood is HIGH- what will be release to have calcium absorbed by bones and decrease amount in blood?
Calcitonin
Which part of the bone matrix gives it flexibility?
Osteoid
Which part of the bone matrix gives it hardness/strength?
Minerals/hydroxyapatites
Osteocytes
Mature bone cells
Osteoclasts
Breaks down bone
Osteoblasts
Produce new bone
Which type of tissue contains trabeculae?
spongy
What is found in the spaces between trabeculae?
red bone marrow
What are connected by canaliculi?
osteocytes
What are the 4 steps of broken bone repair?
hematoma, callus, callus ossification and compact bone forms
What occurs during hematoma formation? (broken bone repair)
Blood gathers, cells die, phagocytes ingest dead bone cells & debris
What occurs during callus formation? (broken bone repair)
Blood vessels grow, cartilage forms to hold bone together
What occurs during callus ossification? (broken bone repair)
Spongy bone forms to replace cartilage
What occurs during compact bone formation? (broken bone repair)
Spongy bone is converted to compact bone
Fibrous Joint
immoveable/slightly moveable; found between skull bones
Cartilaginous Joints
immovable/slightly moveable; found between vertebrae and attachment of ribs
Synovial Joint
highly moveable, contains synovial fluid; found in knee & elbow
Which type of synovial joint has the MOST range of motion?
Ball and socket
Which of the following is the correct order of the vertebral column from (cranial to caudal)?
cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyx
Which of the fracture types is incomplete?
greenstick
What attaches bone to bone?
Ligament
What attaches muscle to bone?
Tendon
Which type of bone contains osteons?
Compact
-blast
immature cell
crani-
skull
clast-
breaking down
cephal-
head
epi-
upon
femor-
femur
inter-
between
osteo-
bone
peri-
surrounding, around
-physis
growth
trabecul-
little neck
How many vertebrae in the CERVICAL spine?
7
How many vertebrae in the THORACIC spine?
12
How many vertebrae in the LUMBAR spine?
5
What two bones does your ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) connect?
Femur and tibia
