Endocrine System Flashcards
Hormonal Stimuli
Glands are encouraged by hormones secreted by other glands
Which hormone acts in opposition to calcitonin?
parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Glucagon
Raises blood glucose levels
Most of the hormones secreted by the pituitary are produced in the ___________.
anterior pituitary
Antidiuretic
increases water retention in kidneys
Progesterone
Controls menstrual cycle
A tumor in the adrenal medulla causes extra epinephrine and norepinephrine to be secreted into the blood. This is called _______________.
hypersecretion
Melatonin
causes sleep/ wake cycle
Growth Hormone
Stimulates growth in bones & muscles
Neural Stimuli
Nerve impulses cause glands to secrete hormones
Epinepherine
helps regulate fight or flight response
Calcitonin
Reduces the calcium levels in blood
Oxytocin
Stimulates uterine contraction during child birth
Melanocyte
Stimulates melanin production
When the ____ gland malfunctions due to ____ deficiency, it can cause a goiter.
thyroid, iodine
Which gland controls the pituitary gland and regulated things like body temperature and sleep?
hypothalamus
Which is true about the difference between lipid-soluble hormones and water-soluble hormones?
Lipid-soluble hormones are able to directly enter a cell, but water-soluble hormones require a second messenger molecule.
Why do hormones not affect all cells they encounter throughout the body?
Target cells- Hormones are released in small quantities and are very specific. Target cells have receptors for specific hormones. If the hormones contact cells without these target cells, they will have no effect.
Luteinizing Hormone
Stimulates release of sex hormones
A tumor in the adrenal medulla causes not enough epinephrine and norepinephrine to be secreted into the blood. This is called _______________.
hyposecretion
Parathyroid Hormone
Brings calcium out of bones into bloodstream
Humoral Stimuli
Levels of nutrients and ions in the blood can cause glands to secrete hormones
Although both the nervous and endocrine systems are able to control the body, the endocrine system uses ___________ to produce a response, which are _________ than nervous system control.
hormones, slower
Which gland supports the immune system?
thymus
Which gland is often known as the “master gland” because it has wide-reaching effects on the whole body?
pituitary
Follicle stimulating hormone
Stimulates egg/sperm production
Where would you expect to find the islets of Langerhans and what do they produce?
Pancreas; insulin & glucagon
What are the two layers of the adrenal glands?
Medulla and cortex
What gland is located near the sternum?
thymus
