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Anatomy and Physiology > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary function of the cardiovascular system?

A

regulates body temperature, prevents infections, transports hormones and waste.

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2
Q

True or False: The heart is a muscular organ that pumps blood through the circulatory system.

A

True

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3
Q

Fill in the blank: The _____ carries oxygenated blood away from the heart.

A

aorta

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4
Q

What are the two main types of circulation (loops) in the cardiovascular system?

A

Systemic circulation/loop and pulmonary circulation/loop.

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5
Q

Which chamber of the heart receives deoxygenated blood from the body?

A

Right atrium

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6
Q

What is the name of the valve that prevents backflow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle?

A

Aortic valve

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7
Q

Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT a component of blood? A) Red blood cells B) Plasma C) Neurons D) White blood cells

A

C) Neurons

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8
Q

What is hypertension?

A

A condition characterized by consistently elevated blood pressure.

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9
Q

True or False: The right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs.

A

True

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10
Q

Fill in the blank: The _____ is the largest artery in the body.

A

aorta

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11
Q

What is the primary role of red blood cells?

A

To carry oxygen from the lungs to the body’s tissues.

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12
Q

What is an electrocardiogram (ECG)?

A

A test that measures the electrical activity of the heart.

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13
Q

Multiple choice: Which of the following conditions is characterized by a blockage in the coronary arteries? A) Stroke B) Heart attack C) Hypertension D) Arrhythmia

A

B) Heart attack

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14
Q

What is the function of platelets in the blood?

A

To aid in blood clotting.

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15
Q

True or False: Veins carry blood away from the heart.

A

False

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16
Q

Fill in the blank: The _____ is the muscle layer of the heart.

A

myocardium

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17
Q

What is the significance of the sinoatrial (SA) node?

A

It acts as the natural pacemaker of the heart.

18
Q

What type of blood vessel carries nutrients and oxygen to tissues?

19
Q

Multiple choice: Which of the following is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease? A) Regular exercise B) High cholesterol C) Low sodium diet D) Non-smoking

A

B) High cholesterol

20
Q

What is the term for the heart’s ability to pump blood effectively?

A

Cardiac output

21
Q

True or False: The pulmonary arteries carry oxygenated blood.

22
Q

Fill in the blank: The _____ is the outer layer of the heart.

A

epicardium

23
Q

What does the term ‘atherosclerosis’ refer to?

A

The buildup of fats, cholesterol, and other substances in and on the artery walls.

24
Q

What is the role of the coronary arteries?

A

To supply blood to the heart muscle itself.

25
Q

Multiple choice: Which part of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the body? A) Right atrium B) Left ventricle C) Right ventricle D) Left atrium

A

B) Left ventricle

26
Q

What is the primary component of plasma?

27
Q

Erythrocyte=

A

Red blood cell

28
Q

Leukocyte=

A

White blood cell

29
Q

Steps of hemostasis:

A
  1. blood vessel contracts 2. fibrin mesh is formed 3. platelets are activated
30
Q

A person with Type A blood needs a blood transfusion. Which blood types are safe to provide to her?

A

Type O and Type A

31
Q

The real work of the heart contractions is done by which layer?

A

myocardium

32
Q

The human cardiovascular system has two loops. Which loop takes blood from the heart to the body tissues and back?

A

Systemic loop

33
Q

Formula for cardiac output

A

cardiac output = stroke volume x heart rate

34
Q

Diastole

A

The relaxation portion of the cardiac cycle

35
Q

Valves

A

Prevents backflow of blood

36
Q

Septum

A

Divides the deoxygenated and oxygenated blood

37
Q

Auricle

A

Externally covers an atrium

38
Q

Systole

A

The contraction portion of the cardiac cycle

39
Q

Explain how a blood pressure (BP) reading is obtained. Include: positioning of the patient (person getting their BP read), placement of the equipment, when are the numbers recorded and how a BP reading is recorded.

A

A blood pressure reading is obtained by placing a properly positioned blood pressure cuff around the upper arm, inflating it to temporarily restrict blood flow, and then listening for the pulse sounds with a stethoscope to determine the pressure at which blood starts and stops flowing again; the systolic pressure is recorded when the first pulse sound is heard, and the diastolic pressure is recorded when the sound disappears.

40
Q

Normal blood pressue

Anatomy and Physiology (6 decks)

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