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skeletal system Flashcards

1
Q

what is the function of bones?

A
  • hold bones together
  • flexibility and movement
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2
Q

classifications of joints

A

structure: what theyre made of
function: the type and extent of the movement

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3
Q

Types of joints?

A
  1. Fibrous Joints - Immovable (correct bones, no movement. ex. cranium bones)
  2. Cartilganious - Slightly Moveable (a little movement. ex. sternum, attached ribs, vertebrae column)
  3. Sypnovial - Freely Moveable (More movement than cartilage joints, and cavities between bones are filled with synovial fluid.)
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4
Q

What are some characteristics of Synovial Joint?

A
  1. Articulating Cartilage (Hyaline)
  2. Joint Capsule
  3. Bursae
  4. Ligaments
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5
Q

What is ossificiation?

A

The process of bones being formed/formation. As the body.

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6
Q

how is calcium good for our body?

A
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7
Q

what does the skeletal system consist of?

A
  • bone
  • cartilage
  • Fiborous connective tissue
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8
Q

what is the difference between the axial and appendicular skeleton?

A

axial - supports the structures on the main axis of the bodyaches them to the body
appendicular - supports the limbs and att

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9
Q

what major parts is the skeleton made out of?

A
  • axial
  • appendicular
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10
Q

what bones are in the axial skeleton?

A
  • skull
  • ribs
  • sternum
    -vertebral column
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11
Q

what bones/limbs are in the appendicular skeleton?

A
  • arms
  • legs
    -shoulder
    -pelvic girdle
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12
Q

what are the five main functions of the skeletal system?

A
  1. protection
  2. movement
  3. strucutural support
  4. cell growth
  5. mineral storage
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13
Q

what are the functions of bones?

A
  • support and protect tissue
  • attachment site for muscle
  • mineral storage: calcium, phspate
  • blood cell production
  • energy storage in yellow bone marrow
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14
Q

what are the types of bones?

A
  • flat
  • short
  • long
  • irregular
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15
Q

what are ex of flat bones

A

skull, thoracic cage, pelvis

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16
Q

what are ex. of long bones?

A
  • femur, lower limbs, upper limbs
17
Q

what are ex. of short bones?

A
  • carpals (wrist), tarsals (foot)
18
Q

what are ex. of irregular bones?

A

vertebrae, pelvis

19
Q

what are the sections of vertebrae?

A
  1. cervical (7)
  2. thoracic (12)
  3. lumbar (5)
  4. sacrum (1)
  5. coccyx (1)
20
Q

what are ex. of sesamoid boens?

A
  • patella
21
Q

what is the anatomy of a long bone?

A
  1. diaphysis = shaft
  2. epiphysis = one end of a long bone - form joints with other bones
  3. metaphysis - areas between the epiphysis and diaphysis
  4. articular cartilage - over joint surfaces acts as a friction reducer, and shock absorber. movement
  5. medullary cavity - marrow
  6. endosteum - inner connective tissue, living of a marrow cavity
  7. periosteum - tough membrane covering bone but not the cartilage
  8. epiphyseal plate - cartilage between diaphysis and epiphysis
22
Q

what are bones made of?

A
  • compact bone
  • spongy bone
  • bone marrow
23
Q

what is compact bone made of ?

A
  • osteons.
  • contains blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, nerves, and osteocytes along with the calcified matrix
  • aligned in the same dirction of stress lines
  • lines can slowly change as the stress of the bone changes
24
Q

what is spongy tissue made up of?

A
  • supports and portects
  • consists of trabeculae and surrounding red marrow filled spaces
25
Q

cells involed in cell formation

A
  • osteoblasts: bone forming cells
  • osteocytes: mature bone cells
  • osteoclasts: break down and reabsorb bone
26
Q

what are fibrous joints?

A
  • immovable; connects bones and no movements
27
Q

what are cartilaginous joints?

A
  • slightly omveable, bones are attached to cartilage, little movement
28
Q

what are synovial joints?

A
  • freely moveable, much more movement than cartilaginous joints.
  • cavities between bones are filled with synovial liquid. this fluid helps to protect the bone and lubricate them.
29
Q

where are firbous joints found?

A
  • parts of the skull
  • sultures
30
Q

where are cartilagenous joints found?

A
  • vertebrae
  • slight movement possible
31
Q

where are synovial joints found?

A
  • allows the most movement
  • ligaments
  • between limbs,
32
Q

what are the types of synovial (moving) joints?

A
  1. gliding joint
  2. hinge joint
  3. pivot joint
  4. ellipsoid
  5. saddle joint
  6. ball and socket joint
33
Q

where are glidung joints found? what are they

A
  • hands, feet
  • slides psat each other
34
Q

what are hinge joints/ where are they

A
  • a joint that allows extension and flexion.
  • found in elbows, knee
  • only move in one way
35
Q

what are pivot joints? where are they?

A
  • pivot joints allow u to rotate
  • found in vertebrae or allows neck to rotate
36
Q

what are ellipsoid joints? where are they?

A
  • all movement except for pivotal
  • bones in wrist and oval shaped to fit into places
37
Q

wjere are saddle joints? what are they

A
  • allows
38
Q

where are ball and socket joints? what aret h

A

tests (5 decks)

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