skeletal system Flashcards
what is the function of bones?
- hold bones together
- flexibility and movement
classifications of joints
structure: what theyre made of
function: the type and extent of the movement
Types of joints?
- Fibrous Joints - Immovable (correct bones, no movement. ex. cranium bones)
- Cartilganious - Slightly Moveable (a little movement. ex. sternum, attached ribs, vertebrae column)
- Sypnovial - Freely Moveable (More movement than cartilage joints, and cavities between bones are filled with synovial fluid.)
What are some characteristics of Synovial Joint?
- Articulating Cartilage (Hyaline)
- Joint Capsule
- Bursae
- Ligaments
What is ossificiation?
The process of bones being formed/formation. As the body.
how is calcium good for our body?
what does the skeletal system consist of?
- bone
- cartilage
- Fiborous connective tissue
what is the difference between the axial and appendicular skeleton?
axial - supports the structures on the main axis of the bodyaches them to the body
appendicular - supports the limbs and att
what major parts is the skeleton made out of?
- axial
- appendicular
what bones are in the axial skeleton?
- skull
- ribs
- sternum
-vertebral column
what bones/limbs are in the appendicular skeleton?
- arms
- legs
-shoulder
-pelvic girdle
what are the five main functions of the skeletal system?
- protection
- movement
- strucutural support
- cell growth
- mineral storage
what are the functions of bones?
- support and protect tissue
- attachment site for muscle
- mineral storage: calcium, phspate
- blood cell production
- energy storage in yellow bone marrow
what are the types of bones?
- flat
- short
- long
- irregular
what are ex of flat bones
skull, thoracic cage, pelvis
what are ex. of long bones?
- femur, lower limbs, upper limbs
what are ex. of short bones?
- carpals (wrist), tarsals (foot)
what are ex. of irregular bones?
vertebrae, pelvis
what are the sections of vertebrae?
- cervical (7)
- thoracic (12)
- lumbar (5)
- sacrum (1)
- coccyx (1)
what are ex. of sesamoid boens?
- patella
what is the anatomy of a long bone?
- diaphysis = shaft
- epiphysis = one end of a long bone - form joints with other bones
- metaphysis - areas between the epiphysis and diaphysis
- articular cartilage - over joint surfaces acts as a friction reducer, and shock absorber. movement
- medullary cavity - marrow
- endosteum - inner connective tissue, living of a marrow cavity
- periosteum - tough membrane covering bone but not the cartilage
- epiphyseal plate - cartilage between diaphysis and epiphysis
what are bones made of?
- compact bone
- spongy bone
- bone marrow
what is compact bone made of ?
- osteons.
- contains blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, nerves, and osteocytes along with the calcified matrix
- aligned in the same dirction of stress lines
- lines can slowly change as the stress of the bone changes
what is spongy tissue made up of?
- supports and portects
- consists of trabeculae and surrounding red marrow filled spaces
cells involed in cell formation
- osteoblasts: bone forming cells
- osteocytes: mature bone cells
- osteoclasts: break down and reabsorb bone
what are fibrous joints?
- immovable; connects bones and no movements
what are cartilaginous joints?
- slightly omveable, bones are attached to cartilage, little movement
what are synovial joints?
- freely moveable, much more movement than cartilaginous joints.
- cavities between bones are filled with synovial liquid. this fluid helps to protect the bone and lubricate them.
where are firbous joints found?
- parts of the skull
- sultures
where are cartilagenous joints found?
- vertebrae
- slight movement possible
where are synovial joints found?
- allows the most movement
- ligaments
- between limbs,
what are the types of synovial (moving) joints?
- gliding joint
- hinge joint
- pivot joint
- ellipsoid
- saddle joint
- ball and socket joint
where are glidung joints found? what are they
- hands, feet
- slides psat each other
what are hinge joints/ where are they
- a joint that allows extension and flexion.
- found in elbows, knee
- only move in one way
what are pivot joints? where are they?
- pivot joints allow u to rotate
- found in vertebrae or allows neck to rotate
what are ellipsoid joints? where are they?
- all movement except for pivotal
- bones in wrist and oval shaped to fit into places
wjere are saddle joints? what are they
- allows
where are ball and socket joints? what aret h
