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nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

what are the main/2 parts of the nervous systems?

A
  1. central nervous system
  2. peripheral nervous system
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2
Q

what are the neurons connected to the peripheral nervous system?

A
  1. motor neurons
  2. sensory neurons
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3
Q

what are motor neurons?

A
  • central nervous system to muscles and glands
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4
Q

what are sesnsory neurons?

A
  • sensory organs to central nervous system
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5
Q

what does the central nervous system consist of?

A
  • the brain
  • the spinal cord
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6
Q

what does the brain do?

A

receives and processes sensory information, intiates responses, stores, memories generates thoughts and emotions

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7
Q

what does the spinal cord do?

A
  • the spinal cord conducts signals to and from the brain, controls reflex activities,
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8
Q

what do motor neurons consist of?

A
  1. somatic nervous system
  2. autonomic nervous system
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9
Q

what do the somatic and autonomic nervous systems do?

A
  • autonomic: involuntary movements
  • somatic: voluntary(choice) movements –> nerves that link the CNS with skeletal muscles
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10
Q

what does the autonomic nervous system consist of?

A
  1. sympathetic decision
  2. parasympathetic decision
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11
Q

what is sympathetic decision?

A
  • “fight or flight” response
    ex. reaction to ‘dangerous’ circumstances
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12
Q

what is the parasympathetic decision?

A
  • “rest or digest” response
    ex. automatic, safe and calm response
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13
Q

what does the nervous system do?

A
  1. receive messages (stimuli/skin)
  2. interpreting these messages.
  3. sneding messages to parts of the body.
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14
Q

what cells ais the nervous system made up of?

A
  1. neurons
  2. neuroglia
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15
Q

what is a neuron?

A
  • a specialized cell that uses electrical signals to communicate with other cells
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16
Q

what parts make up a neuron?

A
  1. the cell body
  2. axon
  3. axon terminals
  4. dendrites
  5. nodes of ranvier
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17
Q

what does the cell body do?

A

contains the nucleus and is the control centre of the neuront

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18
Q

what does an axon do?

A
  • an axon carries informaiton away from the cell body to the axon terminals.
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19
Q

what does the myelin sheath do?

A

the myelin sheath insulates the axon and smooths the speed of transmission f impulses.

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20
Q

what does a dendrite do?

A
  • carry the signals to the cell body
  • branches of the stimuli nerve
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21
Q

what is a synapse?

A

site where a neuron communicates with another cell

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22
Q

what are schwann cells?

A

cells that produce the myelin sheath

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23
Q

what are neuoglia cells?

A
  • nourish, protect, and insulate neurons
  • maintain conditios that keeps neurons functioning
24
Q

what is the right (left hem.) part of brain in charge of?

A
  • math, logic, language,
25
Q

what is the left (right hem.) part of brain in charge of?

A
  • musical, arts, creativity
26
Q

what are the three major parts of the brain?

A
  1. cerebrum
  2. cerebellum
  3. brain stem
27
Q

what does the cerebrum consist of?

A
  1. frontal lobe
  2. temporal lobe
  3. pariental lobe
  4. occipital lobe
28
Q

what does the frontal lobe do? (cerebrum)

A
  • controls vluntary motor movements, emotional expression, and moral behaviour
29
Q

what does the temporal lobe control? (cerebrum)

A

controls memory, equilibrium, emotion, and hearing

30
Q

what does the pariental lobe control? (cerebrum)

A
  • controls and interprets senses and taste
31
Q

what does the occipital lobe control? (cerebrum)

A

controls visions and various forms of expression

32
Q

where is the cerebellum located?

A
  • it is located at the bottom part of the skull, and is the second largest part of the brain
33
Q

what does the cerebellum control?

A
  • coordinates movement, and balance
  • evaluates sensory input
34
Q

what does the brain stem consist of?

A
  1. pons
  2. midbrain
  3. medulla oblongata
35
Q

what do pons do?

A
  • controls certain respiratory functions
36
Q

what does the midbrain do?

A
  • involved with visual reflexes
37
Q

what does the medulla oblongata do?

A
  • regulates heart and lung functions, swallowing, vomiting, coughing, and sneezing
38
Q

what does the brain stem do?

A
  • keeps the automated systems of the body working
39
Q

what does the diencephalon consist of?

A
  1. thalamus
  2. hypothalamus
40
Q

what does the thalamus control?

A
  • receives, sorts, and sends messages from the sense organs to cerebral cortex
  • ex. (eyes, ears.)
41
Q

What does the hypothalamus control?

A
  • controls the heart rate, blood pressure, temperature regulation, water and electrolyte balance, digestive functions, and glandular acitivies
42
Q

how many pairs do cranial nerves have?

A
  • 12 pairs
43
Q

how many pairs do spinal nerves have?

A
  • 31 pairs
44
Q

what layers protet the brain?

A
  1. meninges
  2. cerebrospinal fluid
  3. skull
  4. vertebral column
  5. blood brain barrier
45
Q

what makes up the meninges?

A
  1. dura mater
  2. arachnoid
  3. pia mater
46
Q

what is cerebrospinal fluid? (CSF)

A
  1. watery fluid that consists different compounds
  2. cradles and cushions the brain
47
Q

what is the difference between nerves and neurons?

A
  1. neuron (single nerve cell)
  2. nerve (bundles of neurons with fascia and blood supply)
48
Q

what are the symptoms

A

touch, smell, vision, hearing, pain, temperature, pressure, voluntary and involuntary muscle control

49
Q

what are neurotransmissions?

A
  • the conduction of chemicals impulses throughout the nervous system
50
Q

what can stimuli be?

A
  1. chemical - ex. falling
  2. physical - ex. smell
  3. thermal - ex. heat/cold
51
Q

what kind of neurons are there?

A
  1. afferent neurons
  2. efferent neurons
  3. interneurons
52
Q

what are afferent neurons?

A

(aka sensory neurons)
- carry impulses to brain or spinal cord from stimuli

53
Q

what are efferent neurons

A

(AKA motor neurons)
- carry impulses FROM brain to muscle or gland

54
Q

what are interneurons?

A

in the brain or spinal cord that processes sensory informations
- commmunication between sensory and moto neurons and the CNS

55
Q

what are parts of the reflex arc?

A

stimuli, sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron, muscle
- in that order

56
Q
A

tests (5 decks)

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