nervous system Flashcards
what are the main/2 parts of the nervous systems?
- central nervous system
- peripheral nervous system
what are the neurons connected to the peripheral nervous system?
- motor neurons
- sensory neurons
what are motor neurons?
- central nervous system to muscles and glands
what are sesnsory neurons?
- sensory organs to central nervous system
what does the central nervous system consist of?
- the brain
- the spinal cord
what does the brain do?
receives and processes sensory information, intiates responses, stores, memories generates thoughts and emotions
what does the spinal cord do?
- the spinal cord conducts signals to and from the brain, controls reflex activities,
what do motor neurons consist of?
- somatic nervous system
- autonomic nervous system
what do the somatic and autonomic nervous systems do?
- autonomic: involuntary movements
- somatic: voluntary(choice) movements –> nerves that link the CNS with skeletal muscles
what does the autonomic nervous system consist of?
- sympathetic decision
- parasympathetic decision
what is sympathetic decision?
- “fight or flight” response
ex. reaction to ‘dangerous’ circumstances
what is the parasympathetic decision?
- “rest or digest” response
ex. automatic, safe and calm response
what does the nervous system do?
- receive messages (stimuli/skin)
- interpreting these messages.
- sneding messages to parts of the body.
what cells ais the nervous system made up of?
- neurons
- neuroglia
what is a neuron?
- a specialized cell that uses electrical signals to communicate with other cells
what parts make up a neuron?
- the cell body
- axon
- axon terminals
- dendrites
- nodes of ranvier
what does the cell body do?
contains the nucleus and is the control centre of the neuront
what does an axon do?
- an axon carries informaiton away from the cell body to the axon terminals.
what does the myelin sheath do?
the myelin sheath insulates the axon and smooths the speed of transmission f impulses.
what does a dendrite do?
- carry the signals to the cell body
- branches of the stimuli nerve
what is a synapse?
site where a neuron communicates with another cell
what are schwann cells?
cells that produce the myelin sheath
what are neuoglia cells?
- nourish, protect, and insulate neurons
- maintain conditios that keeps neurons functioning
what is the right (left hem.) part of brain in charge of?
- math, logic, language,
what is the left (right hem.) part of brain in charge of?
- musical, arts, creativity
what are the three major parts of the brain?
- cerebrum
- cerebellum
- brain stem
what does the cerebrum consist of?
- frontal lobe
- temporal lobe
- pariental lobe
- occipital lobe
what does the frontal lobe do? (cerebrum)
- controls vluntary motor movements, emotional expression, and moral behaviour
what does the temporal lobe control? (cerebrum)
controls memory, equilibrium, emotion, and hearing
what does the pariental lobe control? (cerebrum)
- controls and interprets senses and taste
what does the occipital lobe control? (cerebrum)
controls visions and various forms of expression
where is the cerebellum located?
- it is located at the bottom part of the skull, and is the second largest part of the brain
what does the cerebellum control?
- coordinates movement, and balance
- evaluates sensory input
what does the brain stem consist of?
- pons
- midbrain
- medulla oblongata
what do pons do?
- controls certain respiratory functions
what does the midbrain do?
- involved with visual reflexes
what does the medulla oblongata do?
- regulates heart and lung functions, swallowing, vomiting, coughing, and sneezing
what does the brain stem do?
- keeps the automated systems of the body working
what does the diencephalon consist of?
- thalamus
- hypothalamus
what does the thalamus control?
- receives, sorts, and sends messages from the sense organs to cerebral cortex
- ex. (eyes, ears.)
What does the hypothalamus control?
- controls the heart rate, blood pressure, temperature regulation, water and electrolyte balance, digestive functions, and glandular acitivies
how many pairs do cranial nerves have?
- 12 pairs
how many pairs do spinal nerves have?
- 31 pairs
what layers protet the brain?
- meninges
- cerebrospinal fluid
- skull
- vertebral column
- blood brain barrier
what makes up the meninges?
- dura mater
- arachnoid
- pia mater
what is cerebrospinal fluid? (CSF)
- watery fluid that consists different compounds
- cradles and cushions the brain
what is the difference between nerves and neurons?
- neuron (single nerve cell)
- nerve (bundles of neurons with fascia and blood supply)
what are the symptoms
touch, smell, vision, hearing, pain, temperature, pressure, voluntary and involuntary muscle control
what are neurotransmissions?
- the conduction of chemicals impulses throughout the nervous system
what can stimuli be?
- chemical - ex. falling
- physical - ex. smell
- thermal - ex. heat/cold
what kind of neurons are there?
- afferent neurons
- efferent neurons
- interneurons
what are afferent neurons?
(aka sensory neurons)
- carry impulses to brain or spinal cord from stimuli
what are efferent neurons
(AKA motor neurons)
- carry impulses FROM brain to muscle or gland
what are interneurons?
in the brain or spinal cord that processes sensory informations
- commmunication between sensory and moto neurons and the CNS
what are parts of the reflex arc?
stimuli, sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron, muscle
- in that order
