chemistry

Question 1

what is atomic radius? what is its importance?

Answer 1

• as atomic number increases, the atomic radius also increases.
• electrons are pulled closer to nucleus
• smaller atom = higher atomic radius
• more inner shells = effective nuclear charge decreases

Question 2

what is electronegativity? what is its importance?

Answer 2

• tendency of an atom to attract electrons. how elements react with each other.

Question 3

what is ionization energy? what is its importance?

Answer 3

• the amount of energy needed to remove the first electron to create a positive ion. (how tightly the electrons are bound)
• increases: move up a group and right across a period
• X(g) + energy -> X^+ + e^-

Question 4

what is electron affinity?
what is its importance?

Answer 4

If an atom has a higher electron affinity, more energy is released as the electron is added to an atom.

Question 5

what is a non-polar covalent bond?

Answer 5

• covalent bond where electrons are shared equally (strictly covalent)

Question 6

what is a polar covalent? what is its importance?

Answer 6

• covalent bond where electrons are unevenely distributedm one end is slightly positive, and one is slightly negative

Question 7

what is a period? what is its importance?

Answer 7

• a period are rows found within the periodic table
• each period correpsonds with an energy level
• 7 periods

Question 8

what is a group/family? what is its importance?

Question 9

what is the periodic law? what is its importance?

Answer 9

• “when elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, their properties show a periodic reccurence and gradual change.”

Question 10

what is the octet rule?

Answer 10

the tendency for an atom to want to have full valence shell (OF 8)