Skeletal System Flashcards
What is the main function of the skeleton?
To provide a rigid supporting framework of bones inside the body.
The skeleton can lubrictate its own joints and repair its broken parts. True or False?
True.
What are the five different types of bones?
- Long
- Short
- Flat
- Irregular
- Sesamoid
What is the diaphysis?
The main shaft of a long bone.
What is an epiphysis?
The end part of a long bone
What are the types of epiphyses, and their locations?
- Proximal - The top of the long bone, near the spongy bone.
- Distal - The bottom of the long bone.
What is an osteocyte?
One of the bone cell types.
What is compact bone?
The denser and stronger of the two types of bone tissue.
What is another name for compact bone?
Cortical bone.
What is compact bone made of?
Osteocytes enclosed in a matrix consisting of inorganic (70%) and organic material (30%).
What are osteons?
Regular, concentric rings of bone tissue.
What is spongy bone?
A mixture of compact bone with pockets of bone marrow.
(it looks spongy 🤯🤯🤯)
What is a trabecula?
(plural: trabeculae)
An irregular structure of thin plates in spongy bone.
What makes up most of the interior in short and irregular bones?
Spongy bone.
Why do humans’ bones become more brittle over time?
Because the inorganic material in the bones become more dominant over time.
What do the spaces in spongy bone contain?
Red bone marrow.
What is bone marrow?
- A soft, fatty material.
- Located in the medullary cavity (part of bone structure).
What is produced in red bone marrow?
Red blood cells.
What type of tissue is bone classified as?
Connective.
What are the types of cells found in a bone?
- Osteoblasts
- Osteocytes
- Osteoclasts
What are lamella?
Circular layers of bone.
What is a Haversian system?
Lamella surrounding a central haversian canal, which carries blood and lymph vessels.
How do bones grow?
Due to growth plates made of cartilage between the diaphysis and the epiphysis.
What is ossification?
The formation of cartilage, which is then turned into bone.
(summary: bone formation)
What are collagen?
Protein fibres.
What is cartilage?
Flexible material consisting of collagen in an extracellular matrix.
List the cartilage types.
- Fibrocartilage
- Elastic Cartilage
- Hyaline Cartilage
What is a chondrocyte?
The cells that make up cartilage.
What produces cartilage?
Chondroblasts.
What do chondroblasts mature to become?
Chondrocytes
Cartilage is lacking in blood vessels and nerves. True or false?
True.
Why is cartilage slower to heal than bone?
Because it lacks blood vessels.
(Avascular)
What is fibrocartilage?
The strongest type of cartilage.
What is the color of fibrocartilage?
Glistening white, but opaque.
What is fibrocartilage made of?
Dense bundles of collagen fibres.
Where can you find fibrocartilage?
The knees.
What is elastic cartilage?
The second most flexible cartilage.
What is elastic cartilage made of?
Elastic and collagen fibres.
Where can you find elastic cartilage?
The epiglottis.
What is the color of elastic cartilage?
Yellow-ish.
What is hyaline cartilage?
A strong and flexible cartilage type.
What is hyaline cartilage made of?
Closely packed collagen fibres, giving it strength and flexibility.
Where can you find hyaline cartilage?
The rings of the trachea.
What is the color of hyaline cartilage?
Blueish white.
What is the only type of cartilage without a perichondrium?
Fibrocartilage.
