Nutrients

Question 1

When less calories are taken in than burned, what happens?

Answer 1

Energy is taken out of storage deposits and is digested.

Question 2

When more calories are taken in than burned, what happens?

Answer 2

Energy is stored.

Question 3

What is a carbohydrate?

Answer 3

The main energy source of humans.

Question 4

What are some other names given to carbohydrates?

Answer 4

• Saccharides
• Sugars

Question 5

What do all carbohydrates contain?

Answer 5

• Carbon
• Hydrogen
• Oxygen

(General Structure is C6H12O6)

Question 6

List the different types of carbohydrates in order of largest to smallest.

Answer 6

• Polysaccharides
• Oligosaccharides
• Disaccharides
• Monosaccharides

Question 7

List 2* functions of carbohydrates.

Answer 7

• Store energy
• Help control blood glucose metabolism

Question 8

What happens to extra glucose in the bloodstream?

Answer 8

• It’s stored as glycogen in the liver and muscle tissue.
• If it can’t be stored as glycogen, it’s turned into fat via lipogenesis.

Question 9

What are the names of the simple carbohydrate types?

(What are simple carbohydrates?)

Answer 9

• Monosaccharides
• Disaccharides

Question 10

Simple carbohydrates have a high GI.
What does this mean, and what does GI stand for?

Answer 10

• They cause a rapid rise in blood sugar levels.
• Glycaemic index

Question 11

What are some simple carbohydrate examples?

Answer 11

• Fructose
• Lactose
• Sucrose
• Glucose

Question 12

In which foods can you find simple carbohydrates?

Answer 12

• Lollies
• Fruit Juice
• Sugar
• Honey

Question 13

What are the names of the complex carbohydrate types?

Answer 13

• Oligosaccharides
• Polysaccharides

Question 14

Are complex carbohydrates’ GI low or high?

Answer 14

Low.

Question 15

What are some complex carbohydrate examples?

Answer 15

• Cellulose
• Amylose

Question 16

In which foods can you find complex carbohydrates?

Answer 16

• Apples
• Whole grains
• Brown rice

Question 17

What are some examples of other carbohydrates that aren’t simple or complex?

Answer 17

• Starches
• Fibres

Question 18

How are proteins structured?

Answer 18

As linear polymers built of monomer units called amino acids.

Question 19

What is the function of a protein dependent on?

Answer 19

Its individual structure, determined by the sequence of 20 possible amino acids.

Question 20

What can you find in proteins?

Answer 20

• Carbon
• Hydrogen
• Oxygen
• Nitrogen
  ..and often..
• Sulfur
• Phosporus

Question 21

What are three functions of a protein?

Answer 21

• Transportation and storage of other molecules (carrier and channel proteins)
• Generate movement
• Transmit nerve impulses

Question 22

What are lipids?

Answer 22

Groups of compounds usually insoluble in water.

Question 23

What are lipids comprised of?

Answer 23

• Carbon
• Hydrogen
• Small amounts of oxygen

Question 24

What’s the difference between saturated, unsaturated, or trans fats?

(Lipids)

Answer 24

The saturation of their carbon bonds, with hydrogen.

Question 25

List 2 functions of lipids.

Answer 25

• Serve as energy storage
• components of membranes, e.g. (cholesterol)

Question 26

What is the function of a vitamin?

Answer 26

To ensure normal operation of the body.

(They don’t provide energy.)

Question 27

Are vitamins organic or inorganic?

Answer 27

Organic.

Question 28

Contrast organic and inorganic substances.

Answer 28

Organic contains carbon.
Inorganic does not.

Question 29

What do minerals do?

Question 30

What are some examples of minerals?

Answer 30

• Calcium
• Iron
• Iodine

Question 31

How is osteoporosis caused?

Answer 31

A deficiency in calcium leading to weak bone formation.

Question 32

What is a goiter?

Answer 32

A large growth in the neck from an enlarged thyroid gland.

Question 33

How are goiters formed?

Answer 33

A deficiency in iodine causing the thyroid to compensate by enlarging.