Nutrients Flashcards
When less calories are taken in than burned, what happens?
Energy is taken out of storage deposits and is digested.
When more calories are taken in than burned, what happens?
Energy is stored.
What is a carbohydrate?
The main energy source of humans.
What are some other names given to carbohydrates?
- Saccharides
- Sugars
What do all carbohydrates contain?
- Carbon
- Hydrogen
- Oxygen
(General Structure is C6H12O6)
List the different types of carbohydrates in order of largest to smallest.
- Polysaccharides
- Oligosaccharides
- Disaccharides
- Monosaccharides
List 2* functions of carbohydrates.
- Store energy
- Help control blood glucose metabolism
What happens to extra glucose in the bloodstream?
- It’s stored as glycogen in the liver and muscle tissue.
- If it can’t be stored as glycogen, it’s turned into fat via lipogenesis.
What are the names of the simple carbohydrate types?
(What are simple carbohydrates?)
- Monosaccharides
- Disaccharides
Simple carbohydrates have a high GI.
What does this mean, and what does GI stand for?
- They cause a rapid rise in blood sugar levels.
- Glycaemic index
What are some simple carbohydrate examples?
- Fructose
- Lactose
- Sucrose
- Glucose
In which foods can you find simple carbohydrates?
- Lollies
- Fruit Juice
- Sugar
- Honey
What are the names of the complex carbohydrate types?
- Oligosaccharides
- Polysaccharides
Are complex carbohydrates’ GI low or high?
Low.
What are some complex carbohydrate examples?
- Cellulose
- Amylose
In which foods can you find complex carbohydrates?
- Apples
- Whole grains
- Brown rice
What are some examples of other carbohydrates that aren’t simple or complex?
- Starches
- Fibres
How are proteins structured?
As linear polymers built of monomer units called amino acids.
What is the function of a protein dependent on?
Its individual structure, determined by the sequence of 20 possible amino acids.
What can you find in proteins?
- Carbon
- Hydrogen
- Oxygen
- Nitrogen
..and often.. - Sulfur
- Phosporus
What are three functions of a protein?
- Transportation and storage of other molecules (carrier and channel proteins)
- Generate movement
- Transmit nerve impulses
What are lipids?
Groups of compounds usually insoluble in water.
What are lipids comprised of?
- Carbon
- Hydrogen
- Small amounts of oxygen
What’s the difference between saturated, unsaturated, or trans fats?
(Lipids)
The saturation of their carbon bonds, with hydrogen.
List 2 functions of lipids.
- Serve as energy storage
- components of membranes, e.g. (cholesterol)
What is the function of a vitamin?
To ensure normal operation of the body.
(They don’t provide energy.)
Are vitamins organic or inorganic?
Organic.
Contrast organic and inorganic substances.
Organic contains carbon.
Inorganic does not.
What do minerals do?
What are some examples of minerals?
- Calcium
- Iron
- Iodine
How is osteoporosis caused?
A deficiency in calcium leading to weak bone formation.
What is a goiter?
A large growth in the neck from an enlarged thyroid gland.
How are goiters formed?
A deficiency in iodine causing the thyroid to compensate by enlarging.
