Skeletal System Flashcards
What is the function of the Axial skeleton?
Support and protection
What is the function of the Appendicular skeleton?
Movement
Name the 4 locations where the appendicular skeleton is used.
The arms, Shoulders, Ilium and the legs
Name the 3 locations of the Axial skeleton.
Cranium, Sternum and vertebrae
What is the head bone called?
Cranium
What is the front of the shoulder called?
Clavicle
What is the back of the shoulder called?
Scapula
What is the chest bone called?
Sternum
What is the upper arm called?
Humerus
What is the spinal bone called?
Vertebrae
What is the outside of the lower arm called?
Radius
What is the inside of the lower arm called?
Ulna
What is the top of you hand called?
Carpals
What is the middle of your hand called?
Metacarpals
What are the tip of your fingers called?
Phalanges
What is the hip area called?
Ilium
What is the thigh bone called?
Femur
What is the outside shin bone called?
Tibia
What is the inside shin bone called?
Fibula
What is the knee cap bone called?
Patella
What is the top of your foot called?
Tarsals
What is the mid point of your foot called?
Metatarsals
What is the tip of your toes called?
Phalanges
What is the only bone that appears twice in the body?
Phalanges
What are the 6 functions of the skeletal system?
Protection
Movement
Posture
Support
Storage of minerals
Blood cell protection
What does support from the skeleton allow us to do?
Stand
What are bones held together by?
Ligaments
What does the bones of the body ensure?
A rigid structure and framework
What does a framework in the body allow?
Muscles to be attached
Name a sporting example of an athlete who requires support from the skeleton.
A pole vaulter require support as they need to be straight at the peak of the jump.
What is the use of mineral storage and what does it do?
To make spongy bone matrix into rigid structures, this increases bone density and strength
What do bones that store minerals release?
Calcium, phosphorus and magnesium.
Where can red bone marrow be found?
The ribs, humerous, femur and vertebrae.
What do all sporting activities require?
The transportation of oxygen
How do muscles attach firmly to bones?
By tendons
How is movement created?
By muscles contracting which then pulls on the bone.
Name an athlete that require movement.
Every athlete
Why do some parts of the body need protecting?
As their are delicate
What do specific bones protect?
They protect Vital organs from impact and injuries
What does the cranium protect?
The brain
What does the rib cage protect?
The lungs and heart
What does the skeleton do?
Act as a framework
What does posture do?
Hold us upright
Why does a gymnast need a good posture?
As it makes their performance more aesthetically pleasing which results in more points awarded
What are the 2 types of joints?
Ball and socket, hinge
What is a synovial joint?
A freely moveable joint where 2 or more bones meet in which the bones surfaces are covered by cartilage and connected by fibrous connective tissues capsule lined with synovial fluid.
What are the 6 movements that happen at a joint?
Extension
Flexion
Rotation
Abduction
Addiction
Circumduction
What 2 movements in occur at a hinge joint?
Extension and flexion
What movements happen at a ball and socket joint?
All of them
Name 2 examples of a ball and socket joint.
Shoulder and hip
Name 2 examples of a hinge joint.
Elbow and knee
What happens to the angle of the joint during extension?
The angle at the joint is increased
What is extension?
Straitening and extending of a joint
Name a sporting example of extension
A jab in boxing
What happens to the angle at a joint during flexion?
The angle is decreased
What is flexion?
Bending and flexing of a limb
Name a sporting example of flexion
When a ball is kicked as the leg is flexed at the knee
What is abduction?
The sideways movement of a limb away from the midline of the body
Name a sporting example of abduction
The first stage of a star jump
What is adduction
Movement towards the centre line of the body.
Name a sporting example of adduction
The second stage of a star jump
What is rotation?
This is where the bone/limb turns about its longitudinal axis/joint( pivots around a point)
What is circumduction?
Continuous circular movement of a limb around a joint
What is circumduction a combination off?
Abduction, extension, flexion and rotation
Name a sporting example of circumduction?
A swimmer during front crawl
What are the 3 crucial components?
Ligaments, tendons and cartalidge
What do tendons connect?
Muscle to bone
What is cartilage?
Tough, elastic, fibarus connective tissue
What does cartilage act as?
Shock absorber
What is the function of cartilage?
Reduced friction and acts as a shock absorber for joints
Where is synovial fluid found?
A joint capsule
What are the 4 functions of synovial fluid?
- Lubricates the joint
- Keeps bone slightly apart
- Acts as a filler so nutrients can reach cartilage
- Helps absorb shock
