Cardiovascular And Respiratory Systems

Question 1

How does blood travel through the body?

Answer 1

Veins, arteries and capillaries

Question 2

What is the function of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 2

To provide blood and nutrients to the working muscles, as well as remove waste products during respiration.

Question 3

What makes up the cardiovascular systems?

Answer 3

The heart, blood vessels and the blood

Question 4

Describe the pathway of de-oxygenated blood in the heart.

Answer 4

The de-oxygenated blood enters the heart through the vena cava, it then travels through the right atrium and passed through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle, it then exits the heart through the semi-luna valve into the pulmonary artery and then to the lungs.

Question 5

Describe the pathway of oxygenated blood through the heart.

Answer 5

Oxygenated blood travels from the longs to the pulmonary burn and enter the left atrium, it then passes through the bicuspid valve into the left ventricle. After this, it exits by passing through the semi-luna valance into the aorta and then to the body

Question 6

What is a double circulatory system?

Answer 6

A circulatory system that has 2 pathways of blood

Question 7

What is the function of the pulmonary circulatory system?

Answer 7

Takes deoxygenated blood from the heart to the longs where it becomes oxygenated before returning to the heart.

Question 8

What is the function of the systematic circulatory system?

Answer 8

Takes oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body, where it becomes deoxygenated as it delivers the oxygen it carries to the muscles and organs before returning to the heart

Question 9

What side of the heart is thicker?

Answer 9

The left side

Question 10

What is the pathway of blood in the body?

Answer 10

Vena cava
Right atrium
Tricuspid valve
Right ventricle
Semi-lunar valve
Pulmonary artery
Lungs
Pulmonary vien
Left atrium
Bicuspid valve
Left ventricle
Semi-lunar valve
Aorta
Body

Question 11

What are the 2 stages to a heart beat?

Answer 11

Diastole
Systole

Question 12

What is the diastole phase a heart beat?

Answer 12

Heart fills with blood( relaxes)

Question 13

What is the systole phase of a heart beat?

Answer 13

Heart ejects blood( contracting)

Question 14

What are the 3 functions of a blood vessel?

Answer 14

Arteries
Capillaries
Veins

Question 15

What is a feature of arteries?

Answer 15

A thick muscular wall

Question 16

What is the function of the arteries?

Answer 16

Carry oxygenated blood at high pressure away from the heart through the aorta

Question 17

What is 2 features of veins?

Answer 17

Valves in the centre and a thin muscular wall

Question 18

What is the function of veins?

Answer 18

Carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart from the body

Question 19

What is the function of capillaries?

Answer 19

Acts as exchange point where oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse across tissue cells.

Question 20

What are the 3 types of blood cells?

Answer 20

Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets

Question 21

What is the function of red blood cells?

Answer 21

Carry oxygen from the lungs to working muscles and organs

Question 22

What is the function of haemoglobin in red blood cells?

Answer 22

Bond with oxygen creating oxyhaemoglobin

Question 23

What would happen to a performer without red blood cells?

Answer 23

They would fatigue and be forced to stop

Question 24

What is the function of white blood cells?

Answer 24

Help maintain health of athlete/ performer by fighting against infection by producing specific antibodies for specific pathogens

Question 25

How does white blood cells allow a performer to carry on competing?

Answer 25

By neutralising foreign body’s by producing antibodies

Question 26

What is the use of platelets?

Answer 26

Cells from scab when a cut occurs this prevents Loss of excess blood and prevents risk of infection increasing.

Question 27

What is heart rate?

Answer 27

Beats per minuite

Question 28

What is stroke volume?

Answer 28

Amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle per beat

Question 29

What is cardiac output?

Answer 29

Amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle per minuite

Question 30

What is the cardiac output equation?

Answer 30

Heart Rate X stroke volume= cardiac output

Question 31

What is vascular shunting?

Answer 31

The redirection of blood to areas where more oxygen is needed

Question 32

Explain the 5 stages of inspiration

Answer 32

1. Diaphragm contracts pulling the bottom of the chest cavity down 2. Intercostal muscles contract pulling the rib cage up and out 3. Lungs pulled up, out and down through surface tension making space larger and reducing air pressure in lungs 4. The therasic cavity is now larger, increasing volume 5. Pressure in lungs decrease and becomes less than the pressure outside the body, gassed move from area of high pressure to low.

Question 33

When we’re exercising, where do we not want oxygen going?

Answer 33

Muscles that aren’t working

Question 34

What do intercostal muscles do?

Answer 34

Lift the chest up and out

Question 35

What is tidal volume?

Answer 35

Volume of air inspired or expired per breath,

Question 36

What is breathing rate?

Answer 36

Number of breaths per minuite

Question 37

What is minute ventilation?

Answer 37

Amount of air a person breathed out in a minuite

Question 38

Where does gaseous exchange occur?

Answer 38

In alveoli

Question 39

Describe the process of gaseous exchange

Answer 39

When we breathe the alveoli fill with oxygen, then the oxygen is transferred into the blood stream and carbon dioxide is removed from the blood

Question 40

Give a sporting example of when anaerobic respiration is used

Answer 40

A 100m sprinter

Question 41

Name a sporting example of when aerobic respiration is used

Answer 41

A marathon

Question 42

What type of respiration does the body prefer?

Answer 42

Aerobic

Question 43

What is the equation for aerobic respiration?

Answer 43

Glucose + oxygen-> Energy + carbon dioxide

Question 44

Why is anaerobic respiration used in high intensity low duration sports?

Answer 44

As the body cannot supply enough oxygen to muscles

Question 45

What does the body not like to respire anaerobically?

Answer 45

As it produced lactic acid

Question 46

What is oxygen dept?

Answer 46

Lack of oxygen and build up of lactic acid that causes fatigue