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Gsce Pe > Cardiovascular And Respiratory Systems > Flashcards

Cardiovascular And Respiratory Systems Flashcards

1
Q

How does blood travel through the body?

A

Veins, arteries and capillaries

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2
Q

What is the function of the cardiovascular system?

A

To provide blood and nutrients to the working muscles, as well as remove waste products during respiration.

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3
Q

What makes up the cardiovascular systems?

A

The heart, blood vessels and the blood

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4
Q

Describe the pathway of de-oxygenated blood in the heart.

A

The de-oxygenated blood enters the heart through the vena cava, it then travels through the right atrium and passed through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle, it then exits the heart through the semi-luna valve into the pulmonary artery and then to the lungs.

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5
Q

Describe the pathway of oxygenated blood through the heart.

A

Oxygenated blood travels from the longs to the pulmonary burn and enter the left atrium, it then passes through the bicuspid valve into the left ventricle. After this, it exits by passing through the semi-luna valance into the aorta and then to the body

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6
Q

What is a double circulatory system?

A

A circulatory system that has 2 pathways of blood

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7
Q

What is the function of the pulmonary circulatory system?

A

Takes deoxygenated blood from the heart to the longs where it becomes oxygenated before returning to the heart.

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8
Q

What is the function of the systematic circulatory system?

A

Takes oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body, where it becomes deoxygenated as it delivers the oxygen it carries to the muscles and organs before returning to the heart

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9
Q

What side of the heart is thicker?

A

The left side

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10
Q

What is the pathway of blood in the body?

A

Vena cava
Right atrium
Tricuspid valve
Right ventricle
Semi-lunar valve
Pulmonary artery
Lungs
Pulmonary vien
Left atrium
Bicuspid valve
Left ventricle
Semi-lunar valve
Aorta
Body

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11
Q

What are the 2 stages to a heart beat?

A

Diastole
Systole

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12
Q

What is the diastole phase a heart beat?

A

Heart fills with blood( relaxes)

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13
Q

What is the systole phase of a heart beat?

A

Heart ejects blood( contracting)

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14
Q

What are the 3 functions of a blood vessel?

A

Arteries
Capillaries
Veins

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15
Q

What is a feature of arteries?

A

A thick muscular wall

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16
Q

What is the function of the arteries?

A

Carry oxygenated blood at high pressure away from the heart through the aorta

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17
Q

What is 2 features of veins?

A

Valves in the centre and a thin muscular wall

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18
Q

What is the function of veins?

A

Carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart from the body

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19
Q

What is the function of capillaries?

A

Acts as exchange point where oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse across tissue cells.

20
Q

What are the 3 types of blood cells?

A

Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets

21
Q

What is the function of red blood cells?

A

Carry oxygen from the lungs to working muscles and organs

22
Q

What is the function of haemoglobin in red blood cells?

A

Bond with oxygen creating oxyhaemoglobin

23
Q

What would happen to a performer without red blood cells?

A

They would fatigue and be forced to stop

24
Q

What is the function of white blood cells?

A

Help maintain health of athlete/ performer by fighting against infection by producing specific antibodies for specific pathogens

25
Q

How does white blood cells allow a performer to carry on competing?

A

By neutralising foreign body’s by producing antibodies

26
Q

What is the use of platelets?

A

Cells from scab when a cut occurs this prevents Loss of excess blood and prevents risk of infection increasing.

27
Q

What is heart rate?

A

Beats per minuite

28
Q

What is stroke volume?

A

Amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle per beat

29
Q

What is cardiac output?

A

Amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle per minuite

30
Q

What is the cardiac output equation?

A

Heart Rate X stroke volume= cardiac output

31
Q

What is vascular shunting?

A

The redirection of blood to areas where more oxygen is needed

32
Q

Explain the 5 stages of inspiration

A
  1. Diaphragm contracts pulling the bottom of the chest cavity down
  2. Intercostal muscles contract pulling the rib cage up and out
  3. Lungs pulled up, out and down through surface tension making space larger and reducing air pressure in lungs
  4. The therasic cavity is now larger, increasing volume
  5. Pressure in lungs decrease and becomes less than the pressure outside the body, gassed move from area of high pressure to low.
33
Q

When we’re exercising, where do we not want oxygen going?

A

Muscles that aren’t working

34
Q

What do intercostal muscles do?

A

Lift the chest up and out

35
Q

What is tidal volume?

A

Volume of air inspired or expired per breath,

36
Q

What is breathing rate?

A

Number of breaths per minuite

37
Q

What is minute ventilation?

A

Amount of air a person breathed out in a minuite

38
Q

Where does gaseous exchange occur?

A

In alveoli

39
Q

Describe the process of gaseous exchange

A

When we breathe the alveoli fill with oxygen, then the oxygen is transferred into the blood stream and carbon dioxide is removed from the blood

40
Q

Give a sporting example of when anaerobic respiration is used

A

A 100m sprinter

41
Q

Name a sporting example of when aerobic respiration is used

A

A marathon

42
Q

What type of respiration does the body prefer?

A

Aerobic

43
Q

What is the equation for aerobic respiration?

A

Glucose + oxygen-> Energy + carbon dioxide

44
Q

Why is anaerobic respiration used in high intensity low duration sports?

A

As the body cannot supply enough oxygen to muscles

45
Q

What does the body not like to respire anaerobically?

A

As it produced lactic acid

46
Q

What is oxygen dept?

A

Lack of oxygen and build up of lactic acid that causes fatigue

Gsce Pe (6 decks)

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