SKELETAL SYSTEM Flashcards
patellae is an example of _____ bone
sesamoid
extends from the coxofemoral (hip) joint to the stifle (the joint corresponding to the human knee)
femur
have well-developed articular processes to
accommodate the large range of motion of the neck o atlas is the first cervical vertebra; axis is the second cervical vertebra
cervical vertebrae
immediately distal to the carpus; single large bone in horse, while fused 3rd and 4th metacarpal bon in ox and sheep and called cannon bone; pig has 4
metacarpus
bone-producing cells; forms bone matrix
osteoblasts
rostral bone in swine, the soft tissue of the external nares
os rostri
a classification of bone wherein bones are relatively thin and expanded in two dimensions; diploe (spongy material that separates lamina externa from interna); chiefly for protection of vital organs.
flat bones
composed of multiple small bones; it corresponds to the human ankle
tarsus(hock)
contain the teeth of the upper dental
arcade (although the incisive bones lack teeth in ruminants)
maxillae and incisive bones
_______forms the ventrum of the bony thorax and gives attachment to the costal cartilages of the ribs as well as providing a bony origin for the pectoral muscles. Cranial extremity of the sternum is the manubrium; the middle portion is the body; and the caudal extremity is the xiphoid process
sternum
______ vertebrae form the bony basis for the tail
caudal
anatomical term for arm bone
humerus
presents numerous openings for passage of the
olfactory nerves (sense of smell)
ethmoid bone
the space surrounded by the cortex of a long bone
medullary cavity/ marrow cavity
in mammals, the radius is the larger of the two, although in birds it is smaller than the ulna; fused in equine and bovine, not fused in dogs and cats
radius and ulna
contain air spaces or sinuses that communicate with the atmosphere.
pneumatic bones
_______and digits of the pelvic limb are similar to the metacarpus and digits of the thoracic limb
metatarsus
the bone is composed of ___ organic framework of fibrous tissues and cells
1/3
number 1 to 5, depending on the species; In the horse, the proximal phalanx is also called the long pastern bone; the middle phalanx corresponds to the short pastern bone; and distal phalanx is also known as the coffin bone.
digits
a layer of hyaline cartilage within the metaphysis of an immature bone that separates the diaphysis from the epiphysis; area in which a bone can increase in length
epiphyseal cartilage
has cornual process (bony projections), except polled animals
frontal bone
refers to the bone stem cell
osteogenic cell
a classification of bone wherein bones are greater in one dimension than any other; function chiefly as levers and aid in support, locomotion, and prehension.
long bones
collagen and polysaccharides called _________, which contain chondroitin sulfate.
glycosaminoglycans
refers to either end of a long bone; extremities of a long bone
epiphysis
a classification of bone wherein bones are cuboid, or approximately equal in all dimensions; interior is composed of spongy bone filled with marrow spaces; absorb concussion, and they are found in complex joints.
short bones
bone-destroying cells; resorbs bone
osteoclasts
a classification of bone that resembles a sesame seed. It reduces friction, increase leverage, or change the direction of pull
sesamoid bones
contain the middle and inner ears
temporal bones
roofed by the maxillae and incisive bones and by the palatine
bone; ventrolaterally - the mandible
oral
In the axial skeleton, cranial part of the skull: caudal and dorsal walls - occipital, parietal, interparietal, and frontal bones; lateral and ventral walls – temporal and sphenoid bones; rostral wall – ethmoid bone
Cranium
a fibrous membrane that lines the marrow cavity
endosteum
cardiac skeleton in bovine; around the origin of the aorta and pulmonary artery at the base of the heart
os cordis
_______are unpaired bones on the median plane; unpaired bones; protection, support, and muscular attachment
irregular bones
_________of a mature bone is the flared area adjacent to the epiphysis; area where the cortical bone become thinner
metaphysis
spongy; composed of spicules arranged to form a porous network; the spaces are usually filled with marrow
cancellous bone
a fibrous membrane that covers the surface of a bone except where articular cartilage is located
periosteum
composed of two rows of small bones in the thoracic limb
carpus
_______ indicates the number of vertebrae in each segment of the spinal column.
vertebral formula
have large, flat transverse processes that project laterad
lumbar vertebrae
species with the highest thoracic vertebral formula
horse
denotes the bony socket that protects the eye; surrounded by portions of the frontal, lacrimal, and zygomatic bones
orbit
characterized by well-developed spinous
processes and articular facets for the ribs
thoracic vertebrae
_____in all animals is a relatively flat triangular bone; birds and primates have clavicle (collarbone)
scapula
contains all of the lower teeth and gives attachment to
some of the muscles associated with chewing and swallowing
mandible
species with the highest cervical and lumbar vertebral formula
chicken
are the bones of the true leg (crus)
tibia and fibula
maintains bone tissue
osteocytes
_________form the lateral walls of the bony thorax.
ribs
dense or cortical; the hard layer that constitutes the exterior of most bones and forms almost the entire shaft of long bones
compact bone
the bone is composed of ___ inorganic component
2/3
supports the brain and pituitary gland
sphenoid bone
a thin layer of hyaline cartilage that covers the articular (joint) surface of a bone
articular cartilage
identify the classification of the following bones: Femur, tibia, fibula, metatarsals, humerus, ulna, radius, metacarpals, phalanges
long bones
bounded dorsally by the nasal bones, laterally by the maxillae and incisive bones, and ventrally by the palatine processes of the maxillae, incisive, and palatine bones; vomer bone – separates the nasal passages; conchae (turbinate bone) – scroll like; projects into the nasal passage
nasal
fused to form a single wedge-shaped bone, the sacrum
sacral vertebrae
penile bone (baculum or os priapi) in the canine family, also in gorilla and chimpanzee; located above the male urethra, and it aids sexual reproduction by maintaining sufficient stiffness during sexual penetration.
os penis
the cylindrical shaft of a long bone between the two epiphyses
Diaphysis
Carpals and tarsals are examples of what classification of bone?
short bones
consists of a circle of bones comprises three bones (ilium, the ischium, and the pubis) which are fused to form the os coxae, or pelvic bone
pelvis
