Skeletal System Flashcards
What are bones made of?
Calcium salts (structure) and collagen fibers
Can bone be broken down into minerals?
Yes, but only in dire circumstances
What are the functions of bone?
Structure, protection, leverage (locomotion), and storage of minerals
What are the top/bottom of bones called?
Proximal/distal epiphysis
What separated the epiphysis and diaphysis?
Epiphysial cartilage
What bone cells are there?
Osteocyte, osteoblast, osteoclast, and osteoprogenitor cell
What is the precursor to osteoblasts?
Osteoprogenitor cell
What is an osteocyte?
A mature bone cell found in lacunae. Derived from osteoblasts
What is a diaphysis?
The middle/main body of a bone.
Bet I scared the shit out of you
What is an osteoblast?
The most immature bone cell, secretes collagen and ground substance (unmineralized)
What bone cell breaks down or resorbs other bone cells?
Osteoclast
What is a cancellous bone?
Spongy bone, it helps reduce the weight of bones with air pockets.
Where can you find compact bone?
The shaft of long bones and outside all bones.
Other than weight, what is a function of spongy bone?
It prevents damage by force
What is a haversian canal?
Haversian canals allow blood to enter the bone.
What fills the spaces between bones?
Bone marrow
How is yellow bone marrow different from red bone marrow?
Yellow blood marrow does not produce blood cells, and are made primarily of fat. They can turn into red blood cells if needed.
What cartilage is commonly known as growth plates?
Epiphysial cartilage
Uh oh!
Dun dun dunnn…..
The degradation of which cartilage causes arthritis?
Articular cartilage
How much (fraction) of a mature bone are organic components (glycosaminoglycans and collagen fibers)
1/3
2/3 of a mature bone is made up of?
Calcium and phosphorus salts/hydroxyapatite crystals (80%), and calcium carbonate and Mg P (20%)
T/F Ossification refers to the creation of bone using soft collagen fibers in gelatinous ground substance.
True
T/F Calcification is the finishing of bone using calcium and Magnesium.
False; calcification is the finishing of bone using calcium and phosphorus.
Heteroplastic, intramembranous, and endochondral are all different types of?
Ossification.
What is heteroplastic ossification?
The calcification of tissue other than bone
What type of ossification creates flat bones from fibrous membranes?
Intramembranous ossification
What is endochondral ossification?
Bone development from replacing hyaline cartilage
El gato
Nothing, just el gato
What type of ossification is this?
Intramembranous
This is an example of what type of ossification?
Endochondral
T/F Growth is not simply an increase in thickness. Appositional growth and bone resorption are occurring simultaneously.
True
The front and hind limbs and their respective shoulder and pelvic girdles are part of the:
Appendicular skeleton
Which bones compose the axial skeleton
Skull, vertebrae, ribs, and sternum
T/F The cylindrical shaft of a long bone is known as the epiphysis.
False. The cylindrical shaft is the diaphysis, the epiphysis is the bulbous end.
_________________________ cells synthesize and secrete the organic substances of bone.
Osteoblast
T/F Most long bones develop by endochondral ossification.
True
T/F Remodeling of bone does not involve osteoclastic activity.
False
Bone cells that represent transformed osteoblasts, communicate with each other by gap junctions in canaliculae, and maintain bone matrix are:
Osteocytes
Where would a gomphosis joint be found?
Teeth in jaw
What characteristic is unique to diarthroses joints?
They contain a bursa
What bones come together to create the coxofemoral joint?
Pelvis and femur
What type of movement would best be described as flexion?
A horse picking its front leg to walk
Which of the following joints allows for jaw movement?
Temromandibular
Hörse
