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A&P > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

What are bones made of?

A

Calcium salts (structure) and collagen fibers

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2
Q

Can bone be broken down into minerals?

A

Yes, but only in dire circumstances

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3
Q

What are the functions of bone?

A

Structure, protection, leverage (locomotion), and storage of minerals

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4
Q

What are the top/bottom of bones called?

A

Proximal/distal epiphysis

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5
Q

What separated the epiphysis and diaphysis?

A

Epiphysial cartilage

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6
Q

What bone cells are there?

A

Osteocyte, osteoblast, osteoclast, and osteoprogenitor cell

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7
Q

What is the precursor to osteoblasts?

A

Osteoprogenitor cell

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8
Q

What is an osteocyte?

A

A mature bone cell found in lacunae. Derived from osteoblasts

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9
Q

What is a diaphysis?

A

The middle/main body of a bone.

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10
Q
A

Bet I scared the shit out of you

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11
Q

What is an osteoblast?

A

The most immature bone cell, secretes collagen and ground substance (unmineralized)

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12
Q

What bone cell breaks down or resorbs other bone cells?

A

Osteoclast

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13
Q

What is a cancellous bone?

A

Spongy bone, it helps reduce the weight of bones with air pockets.

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14
Q

Where can you find compact bone?

A

The shaft of long bones and outside all bones.

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15
Q

Other than weight, what is a function of spongy bone?

A

It prevents damage by force

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16
Q

What is a haversian canal?

A

Haversian canals allow blood to enter the bone.

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17
Q

What fills the spaces between bones?

A

Bone marrow

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18
Q

How is yellow bone marrow different from red bone marrow?

A

Yellow blood marrow does not produce blood cells, and are made primarily of fat. They can turn into red blood cells if needed.

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19
Q

What cartilage is commonly known as growth plates?

A

Epiphysial cartilage

20
Q

Uh oh!

A

Dun dun dunnn…..

21
Q

The degradation of which cartilage causes arthritis?

A

Articular cartilage

22
Q

How much (fraction) of a mature bone are organic components (glycosaminoglycans and collagen fibers)

A

1/3

23
Q

2/3 of a mature bone is made up of?

A

Calcium and phosphorus salts/hydroxyapatite crystals (80%), and calcium carbonate and Mg P (20%)

24
Q

T/F Ossification refers to the creation of bone using soft collagen fibers in gelatinous ground substance.

A

True

25
Q

T/F Calcification is the finishing of bone using calcium and Magnesium.

A

False; calcification is the finishing of bone using calcium and phosphorus.

26
Q

Heteroplastic, intramembranous, and endochondral are all different types of?

A

Ossification.

27
Q

What is heteroplastic ossification?

A

The calcification of tissue other than bone

28
Q

What type of ossification creates flat bones from fibrous membranes?

A

Intramembranous ossification

29
Q

What is endochondral ossification?

A

Bone development from replacing hyaline cartilage

30
Q

El gato

A

Nothing, just el gato

31
Q

What type of ossification is this?

A

Intramembranous

32
Q

This is an example of what type of ossification?

A

Endochondral

33
Q

T/F Growth is not simply an increase in thickness. Appositional growth and bone resorption are occurring simultaneously.

A

True

34
Q

The front and hind limbs and their respective shoulder and pelvic girdles are part of the:

A

Appendicular skeleton

35
Q

Which bones compose the axial skeleton

A

Skull, vertebrae, ribs, and sternum

36
Q

T/F The cylindrical shaft of a long bone is known as the epiphysis.

A

False. The cylindrical shaft is the diaphysis, the epiphysis is the bulbous end.

37
Q

_________________________ cells synthesize and secrete the organic substances of bone.

A

Osteoblast

38
Q

T/F Most long bones develop by endochondral ossification.

A

True

39
Q

T/F Remodeling of bone does not involve osteoclastic activity.

A

False

40
Q

Bone cells that represent transformed osteoblasts, communicate with each other by gap junctions in canaliculae, and maintain bone matrix are:

A

Osteocytes

41
Q

Where would a gomphosis joint be found?

A

Teeth in jaw

42
Q

What characteristic is unique to diarthroses joints?

A

They contain a bursa

43
Q

What bones come together to create the coxofemoral joint?

A

Pelvis and femur

44
Q

What type of movement would best be described as flexion?

A

A horse picking its front leg to walk

45
Q

Which of the following joints allows for jaw movement?

A

Temromandibular

46
Q

Hörse

A

A&P (11 decks)

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