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A&P > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the nervous system?

A

Regulation, integration, sensory reception, consciousness, and behaviors necessary for survival (thirst, hunger, emotion)

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2
Q

The brain and spinal cord make up what section of the nervous system?

A

Central nervous system

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3
Q

What types of neurons make up the peripheral nervous system?

A

Motor and sensory

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4
Q

What nervous systems (in the PNS) have motor neurons?

A

Somatic and autonomic nervous systems

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5
Q

What is sympathetic division?

A

Fight or flight responses

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6
Q

What is parasympathetic division?

A

Rest or digest responses

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7
Q

Where in the vertebral column does the spinal cord end?

A

L1

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8
Q

What are the layers of meninges called?

A

Dura mater (outer), arachnoid (middle), and pia mater (inner, adheres to brain and spinal cord, and makes up the blood brain barrier)

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9
Q

_________ is a clear fluid derived from blood that acts like a shock absorber for the brain and spinal cord.

A

Cerebrospinal fluid

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10
Q

I hate this unit

A

Kill me now

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11
Q

_________ (sensory) fibers enter the spinal cord through the dorsal root, with cell bodies clustered in dorsal root ganglion

A

Afferent

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12
Q

What are efferent fibers?

A

Motor fibers that leave the spinal cord through the ventral root

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13
Q

T/F afferent fibers carry information from sensors to the central nervous system

A

True

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14
Q

T/F Efferent fibers transmit instructions from the CNS to effector organs

A

True

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15
Q

What is a ganglion?

A

A clump of neuronal cell bodies OUTSIDE of the CNS (opposite of nucleus)

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16
Q

What is the purpose of a dendrite?

A

A dendrite receives information from other neurons through synapses (NOTE: kinda look like hair lol)

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17
Q

What part of the neuron transmits nerve impulses away from the cell?

A

Axon

18
Q

What is a myelin sheath?

A

Increases speed while acting like rubber around a copper wire

19
Q

What part of a neuron is always unmyelinated?

A

Dendrite (they’re just silly lil dudes)

20
Q
A

I strive to shock anyone who may stumble upon this

21
Q

What is the resting potential of a neuron?

A

-70mV

22
Q

What do glial cells do?

A

The connective tissue of the nervous system

23
Q

“It’s kool to be K+ resting in the cell”- the amoeba sisters

A

the axon is negative compared to its surroundings until an action potential

24
Q

What is the general order of an action potential?

A

Resting potential, depolarization, repolarization, hyperpolarization

25
Q

T/F You can have big or small action potential (an action always happens, no matter how big the stimulus)

A

False, Action potentials operate on an all or nothing basis

26
Q

T/F A chemical synapse is where the dendrite of one neuron and axon terminal of another ALMOST meet.

A

True

27
Q

Afferent nerve fibers enter the spinal cord via the ___________________________ root and the efferent nerve fibers leave via the______________________________ root.

A

dorsal; ventral

28
Q

T/F The parasympathetic stimulation increases intestinal muscle (smooth muscle) and secretory activity.

A

True

29
Q

A myelin sheath on a peripheral nerve fiber:

A

Increases the velocity of impulse conduction

30
Q

T/F Sympathetic (fight or flight) stimulation to the bronchi (air passages) of the lungs would result in a decrease of their diameter.

A

False. It would result in an increase of diameter

31
Q

T/F A stimulus increases the permeability of the neuron for the sodium ion.

A

True

32
Q

Repolarization of a nerve fiber:

A

is accomplished by diffusion of K+ from the inside of the fiber to the outside

33
Q

A stimulus applied to a neuron causes depolarization of the membrane. This means the membrane:

A

becomes more positive on the inside and negative on the outside because Na+ flows inward

34
Q

What composes the central nervous system?

A

The brain and spinal cord

35
Q

T/F The autonomic nervous system controls voluntary muscle movement

A

False. The autonomic nervous system is involuntary

36
Q

Which layer of the meninges is connected to the CNS?

A

Pia mater

37
Q

Ascending tracts that carry information to the CNS are an _________ pathway

A

Afferent

38
Q

T/F Information flows through a neuron starting at the dendrites, then through the cell body, and ultimately leaves the neuron through the axon

A

True

39
Q

What type of channels are sodium and potassium channels?

A

Voltage gated

40
Q

I don’t understand this send help

A

Im gonna murder myself

A&P (11 decks)

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