Nervous System Flashcards
What are the functions of the nervous system?
Regulation, integration, sensory reception, consciousness, and behaviors necessary for survival (thirst, hunger, emotion)
The brain and spinal cord make up what section of the nervous system?
Central nervous system
What types of neurons make up the peripheral nervous system?
Motor and sensory
What nervous systems (in the PNS) have motor neurons?
Somatic and autonomic nervous systems
What is sympathetic division?
Fight or flight responses
What is parasympathetic division?
Rest or digest responses
Where in the vertebral column does the spinal cord end?
L1
What are the layers of meninges called?
Dura mater (outer), arachnoid (middle), and pia mater (inner, adheres to brain and spinal cord, and makes up the blood brain barrier)
_________ is a clear fluid derived from blood that acts like a shock absorber for the brain and spinal cord.
Cerebrospinal fluid
I hate this unit
Kill me now
_________ (sensory) fibers enter the spinal cord through the dorsal root, with cell bodies clustered in dorsal root ganglion
Afferent
What are efferent fibers?
Motor fibers that leave the spinal cord through the ventral root
T/F afferent fibers carry information from sensors to the central nervous system
True
T/F Efferent fibers transmit instructions from the CNS to effector organs
True
What is a ganglion?
A clump of neuronal cell bodies OUTSIDE of the CNS (opposite of nucleus)
What is the purpose of a dendrite?
A dendrite receives information from other neurons through synapses (NOTE: kinda look like hair lol)
What part of the neuron transmits nerve impulses away from the cell?
Axon
What is a myelin sheath?
Increases speed while acting like rubber around a copper wire
What part of a neuron is always unmyelinated?
Dendrite (they’re just silly lil dudes)
I strive to shock anyone who may stumble upon this
What is the resting potential of a neuron?
-70mV
What do glial cells do?
The connective tissue of the nervous system
“It’s kool to be K+ resting in the cell”- the amoeba sisters
the axon is negative compared to its surroundings until an action potential
What is the general order of an action potential?
Resting potential, depolarization, repolarization, hyperpolarization
T/F You can have big or small action potential (an action always happens, no matter how big the stimulus)
False, Action potentials operate on an all or nothing basis
T/F A chemical synapse is where the dendrite of one neuron and axon terminal of another ALMOST meet.
True
Afferent nerve fibers enter the spinal cord via the ___________________________ root and the efferent nerve fibers leave via the______________________________ root.
dorsal; ventral
T/F The parasympathetic stimulation increases intestinal muscle (smooth muscle) and secretory activity.
True
A myelin sheath on a peripheral nerve fiber:
Increases the velocity of impulse conduction
T/F Sympathetic (fight or flight) stimulation to the bronchi (air passages) of the lungs would result in a decrease of their diameter.
False. It would result in an increase of diameter
T/F A stimulus increases the permeability of the neuron for the sodium ion.
True
Repolarization of a nerve fiber:
is accomplished by diffusion of K+ from the inside of the fiber to the outside
A stimulus applied to a neuron causes depolarization of the membrane. This means the membrane:
becomes more positive on the inside and negative on the outside because Na+ flows inward
What composes the central nervous system?
The brain and spinal cord
T/F The autonomic nervous system controls voluntary muscle movement
False. The autonomic nervous system is involuntary
Which layer of the meninges is connected to the CNS?
Pia mater
Ascending tracts that carry information to the CNS are an _________ pathway
Afferent
T/F Information flows through a neuron starting at the dendrites, then through the cell body, and ultimately leaves the neuron through the axon
True
What type of channels are sodium and potassium channels?
Voltage gated
I don’t understand this send help
Im gonna murder myself
