Lymphatics

Question 1

What is the difference between innate and adaptive immunity.

Answer 1

You are born with innate immunity. It is passed down from your mother during gestation, is the first line of defense, and is seen as a “quick response”.
Adaptive immunity develops over time. This is where cells learn how to fight off antigens through exposure. This is how vaccines work. Seen as a “slow response”

Question 2

What is the lymphatic system?

Answer 2

The lymphatic system is a series of vessels that carry excess tissue fluid to blood vessels near the heart, where it can be deposited in the bloodstream. It has a role in the cardiovascular and immune systems.

Question 3

What are the functions of the lymphatic system?

Answer 3

The removal of excess tissue fluid (plasma), waste material transport, filtration of lymph, and protein transport

Question 4

What is lymph?

Answer 4

Lymph is the fluid carried by the lymphatic system. It mostly contains lymphocytes, nutrients, and hormones that enter tissues along with plasma. It re-enters the cardiovascular system through the thoracic duct. It starts as plasma picked up by lymphatic capillaries at capillary beds.

Question 5

What are the characteristics of lymph?

Answer 5

Lymph is a transparent fluid, and is made up of more water, sugar, and electrolytes than plasma. It also has less large proteins such as albumin, globulin, and fibrinogen.

Question 6

What organs make up the lymphatic system?

Answer 6

The tonsils and adenoids, lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, thymus, spleen, Peyer’s patches, appendix, and bone marrow

Question 7

What do lymph nodes and lymphatic vessels do?

Answer 7

as lymph passes through the nodes, macrophages remove any microorganisms or foreign matter.

Question 8

T/F the spleen is essential for life.

Answer 8

False. it is not essential for life.

Question 9

T/F the thymus shrinks with age, but kickstarts the adaptive immune system in a young animal.

Answer 9

True

Question 10

Help

Question 11

T/F Tonsils prevent the spread of infection into the respiratory or digestive tract, contain mature lymphocytes, and have a capsule.

Answer 11

False. tonsils do not have a capsule.

Question 12

What are the different types of Lymphatic cells?

Answer 12

T, B, and NK cells

Question 13

What are the 3 types of T cells?

Answer 13

Cytotoxic “killer” T cells, helper T cells, and suppressor T cells

Question 14

Describe T cells as a whole.

Answer 14

T cells make up the bulk of lymphocytes in peripheral blood circulation, are produced in the thymus and travel through lymphatic circulation to lymph nodes where they are stored, awaiting activation. They launch the adaptive immune response, and they do not interact with the antigen directly.

Question 15

What is the purpose of killer T cells?

Answer 15

They attach to the antigen and destroy them, but are not destroyed themselves.

Question 16

What type of T cell is the most numerous, and secrete cytokines to activate macrophages

Answer 16

Helper T cells

Question 17

T/F Suppressor T cells regulate the production of T and B cells by negative feedback.

Answer 17

True

Question 18

What type of lymphatic cell is the “traditional” white blood cell, that produce specific antibodies to help fight antigens.

Answer 18

B cells

Question 19

What are NK cells?

Answer 19

NK cells are lymphatic cells that identify and kill viruses, stressed cells, and tumor cells by apoptosis or cell lysis. They are stimulated by cytokines

Question 20

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Answer 20

help

Question 21

What is apoptosis?

Answer 21

programmed cells death

Question 22

What is the difference between passive and active immunity?

Answer 22

Passive immunity is like colostrum, it is given at birth and is the initial immune system. Active immunity is brought about by exposure (like vaccines)