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ATI TEAS 7 anatomy section > skeletal system > Flashcards

skeletal system Flashcards

1
Q

what are the functions of the skeletal system

A

muscles pull for movement

provides articulation and structure

protects organs

synthesize blood and immune cells

stores calcium, phosphate, and lipids

bone synthesize and breakdown

metabolic needs

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2
Q

what does the axial skeleton consist of

A

bones of the skull and spinal column

ribs

sternum

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3
Q

what is known as the individual bones that make up the spinal cord

A

vertebrae

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4
Q

How is the vertebrae arranged in order to form a continuous, flexible, and bony column

A

linearly

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5
Q

what are the 5 regional spinal segments

A

cervical, thoracic, and lumbar segments

sacrum

coccyx

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6
Q

what does the cervical segment of the spine being with that articulates with the base of the skull

A

vertebra

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7
Q

what is the specific name for the vertebra that articulates with the skull

A

atlas

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8
Q

how many cervical vertebrae are there

A

seven

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9
Q

where is the vertebra found

A

in the neck

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10
Q

the thoracic spinal segment beings with what vertebra

A

8th vertebra

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11
Q

how many thoracic vertebrae are there

A

12

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12
Q

what does the 12 thoracic vertebrae articulate laterally with which are important structural components of the chest or thoracic walls

A

12 pairs of ribs

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13
Q

what vertebra does the lumbar vertebrae begin with

A

19th vertebra

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14
Q

how many lumber vertebrae are there

A

5

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15
Q

the final lumbar vertebra connects to the _______ which is actually 5 or 6 vertebrae fused

A

sacrum

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16
Q

how is the sacrum fused to other bones of the hip

A

fused medially

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17
Q

what does the sacrum that is fused medially to other bone of the hip form

A

bony pelvis

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18
Q

at the most distal end of the sacrum are the four small partially fused vertebrae that together are referred to as what

A

coccyx

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19
Q

the terminal vertebra of the coccyx represents what end of the spine

A

caudal end

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20
Q

what does the vertebral canal contain

A

spinal cord of the central nervous system

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21
Q

the spinal cord begins at the distal extension of the brainstem and enters the vertebra canal through what

A

foramen magnum

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22
Q

what is the large opening in the posterior base of the skull

A

foramen magnum

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23
Q

does the spinal cord extend for the entire length of the vertebral canal

A

no

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24
Q

where does the dorsal and ventral spinal nerve roots that combine to form the 31 sets of spinal nerves of the somatic or voluntary nervous system emerge from

A

spinal cord

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25
Q

what does the skull consist of

A

tightly-fused bones

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26
Q

the skull consists of tightly-fused bones that contain what parts

A

brain

pituitary gland

facial bones

upper bone jaws— maxillae

lower jaw– mandible

27
Q

what is the only moveable bone of the skull

A

mandible

28
Q

the inner surfaces of the bones that form the cranial cavity which correspond to what adjacent underlying regions

A

cerebral cortex of the brain

29
Q

what bones are regions in the cerebral cortex of the brain

A

frontal bone

parietal bone

temporal bone

and occipital bone

30
Q

what is considered the thoracic

A

chest and upper back

31
Q

what is the thoracic skeleton comprised of

A

thoracic vertebrae

12 sets of ribs

sternum(breast bone)

medial sections of the clavicles (collarbones)

32
Q

what does the ribs connect to

A

lateral surfaces of the thoracic vertebrae

33
Q

the ribs connect to the lateral surfaces of the thoracic vertebrae then extend laterally to form what

A

dorsal thorax

34
Q

where is the sternum located

A

midline of the anterior (ventral) wall of the thorax

35
Q

the thoracic skeleton creates a cage-like structural ______

A

framework

36
Q

when associated muscles and connective tissues are added to this framework what type of thoracic cavity is created

A

interior thoracic cavity

37
Q

what does the interior thoracic cavity contain

A

heart

lungs

several another important anatomical structures

38
Q

what will form the floor of the thoracic cavity

A

diaphragm

39
Q

what is the single dome-shaped sheet of muscle that forms the floor of the thoracic cavity

A

diaphragm

40
Q

what parts of the body make up the upper appendicular skeleton (attached)

A

bones of the shoulder girdles

arms

wrists

hands

fingers

41
Q

what is the distal end of the long bone of the upper arm

A

humerus

42
Q

what does the humerus form

A

radius and the ulna

43
Q

what are the proximal ends of the two lower arm bones

A

radius and ulna

44
Q

what does the distal ends of the radius and ulna articulate with

A

wrist bones “carpals”

45
Q

what do the carpals (wrist bones) form

A

complex wrist joint

46
Q

what do the carpals articulate with

A

metacarpal bones of the hand

47
Q

what do the distal ends of the metacarpals articulate with

A

phalanges (bones of the fingers)

48
Q

what does the lower appendicular skeleton consist of

A

pelvis except the sacrum, bones of the legs, ankles, feet, and toes

49
Q

the sacrum is part of the axial or appendicular skeleton

A

axial

50
Q

the proximal end or head of the femur fits into a semicircular depression of the inferolateral borders in the bones of what

A

pelvis

51
Q

what forms the ball and socket joint of the hip

A

femur, associated muscles and connective tissues

52
Q

the distal end of the femur articulates with the proximal ends of what

A

tibia and fibula at the knee joint

53
Q

what bones do the distal ends of the tibia and fibula articulate with

A

several tarsal bones

54
Q

what does the tarsal bones form

A

complex ankle joint

55
Q

what proximal ends do the tarsal bones in the ankle region articulate with

A

metatarsal bones in the foot

56
Q

what do the distal ends of the metatarsal bones articulate with

A

bones of the toes (phalanges)

57
Q

what are the 2 major cavities in the human body

A

dorsal and ventral body cavities

58
Q

what does the dorsal body cavity consist of

A

cranial cavity and spinal canal

59
Q

what does the cranial cavity contain

A

brain

60
Q

what does the spinal canal contain

A

spinal cord

61
Q

what is the ventral cavity enclosed by

A

thoracic muscles

ribs

sternum

thoracic vertebrae

abdominal wall muscles

inner surface bones

associated muscles of the pelvis

62
Q

how is the ventral cavity divided into an upper cavity

A

by transverse dome-shaped muscle –diaphragm

63
Q

what are the major contents of the thoracic cavity

A

heart and lungs

64
Q

what are the major contents of the abdominal and pelvic cavity

A

intestines

digestive organs– liver gallbladder and pancreas , urinary bladder,

in females– uterus and ovaries

ATI TEAS 7 anatomy section (19 decks)

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