skeletal system Flashcards
what are the functions of the skeletal system
muscles pull for movement
provides articulation and structure
protects organs
synthesize blood and immune cells
stores calcium, phosphate, and lipids
bone synthesize and breakdown
metabolic needs
what does the axial skeleton consist of
bones of the skull and spinal column
ribs
sternum
what is known as the individual bones that make up the spinal cord
vertebrae
How is the vertebrae arranged in order to form a continuous, flexible, and bony column
linearly
what are the 5 regional spinal segments
cervical, thoracic, and lumbar segments
sacrum
coccyx
what does the cervical segment of the spine being with that articulates with the base of the skull
vertebra
what is the specific name for the vertebra that articulates with the skull
atlas
how many cervical vertebrae are there
seven
where is the vertebra found
in the neck
the thoracic spinal segment beings with what vertebra
8th vertebra
how many thoracic vertebrae are there
12
what does the 12 thoracic vertebrae articulate laterally with which are important structural components of the chest or thoracic walls
12 pairs of ribs
what vertebra does the lumbar vertebrae begin with
19th vertebra
how many lumber vertebrae are there
5
the final lumbar vertebra connects to the _______ which is actually 5 or 6 vertebrae fused
sacrum
how is the sacrum fused to other bones of the hip
fused medially
what does the sacrum that is fused medially to other bone of the hip form
bony pelvis
at the most distal end of the sacrum are the four small partially fused vertebrae that together are referred to as what
coccyx
the terminal vertebra of the coccyx represents what end of the spine
caudal end
what does the vertebral canal contain
spinal cord of the central nervous system
the spinal cord begins at the distal extension of the brainstem and enters the vertebra canal through what
foramen magnum
what is the large opening in the posterior base of the skull
foramen magnum
does the spinal cord extend for the entire length of the vertebral canal
no
where does the dorsal and ventral spinal nerve roots that combine to form the 31 sets of spinal nerves of the somatic or voluntary nervous system emerge from
spinal cord
what does the skull consist of
tightly-fused bones
the skull consists of tightly-fused bones that contain what parts
brain
pituitary gland
facial bones
upper bone jaws— maxillae
lower jaw– mandible
what is the only moveable bone of the skull
mandible
the inner surfaces of the bones that form the cranial cavity which correspond to what adjacent underlying regions
cerebral cortex of the brain
what bones are regions in the cerebral cortex of the brain
frontal bone
parietal bone
temporal bone
and occipital bone
what is considered the thoracic
chest and upper back
what is the thoracic skeleton comprised of
thoracic vertebrae
12 sets of ribs
sternum(breast bone)
medial sections of the clavicles (collarbones)
what does the ribs connect to
lateral surfaces of the thoracic vertebrae
the ribs connect to the lateral surfaces of the thoracic vertebrae then extend laterally to form what
dorsal thorax
where is the sternum located
midline of the anterior (ventral) wall of the thorax
the thoracic skeleton creates a cage-like structural ______
framework
when associated muscles and connective tissues are added to this framework what type of thoracic cavity is created
interior thoracic cavity
what does the interior thoracic cavity contain
heart
lungs
several another important anatomical structures
what will form the floor of the thoracic cavity
diaphragm
what is the single dome-shaped sheet of muscle that forms the floor of the thoracic cavity
diaphragm
what parts of the body make up the upper appendicular skeleton (attached)
bones of the shoulder girdles
arms
wrists
hands
fingers
what is the distal end of the long bone of the upper arm
humerus
what does the humerus form
radius and the ulna
what are the proximal ends of the two lower arm bones
radius and ulna
what does the distal ends of the radius and ulna articulate with
wrist bones “carpals”
what do the carpals (wrist bones) form
complex wrist joint
what do the carpals articulate with
metacarpal bones of the hand
what do the distal ends of the metacarpals articulate with
phalanges (bones of the fingers)
what does the lower appendicular skeleton consist of
pelvis except the sacrum, bones of the legs, ankles, feet, and toes
the sacrum is part of the axial or appendicular skeleton
axial
the proximal end or head of the femur fits into a semicircular depression of the inferolateral borders in the bones of what
pelvis
what forms the ball and socket joint of the hip
femur, associated muscles and connective tissues
the distal end of the femur articulates with the proximal ends of what
tibia and fibula at the knee joint
what bones do the distal ends of the tibia and fibula articulate with
several tarsal bones
what does the tarsal bones form
complex ankle joint
what proximal ends do the tarsal bones in the ankle region articulate with
metatarsal bones in the foot
what do the distal ends of the metatarsal bones articulate with
bones of the toes (phalanges)
what are the 2 major cavities in the human body
dorsal and ventral body cavities
what does the dorsal body cavity consist of
cranial cavity and spinal canal
what does the cranial cavity contain
brain
what does the spinal canal contain
spinal cord
what is the ventral cavity enclosed by
thoracic muscles
ribs
sternum
thoracic vertebrae
abdominal wall muscles
inner surface bones
associated muscles of the pelvis
how is the ventral cavity divided into an upper cavity
by transverse dome-shaped muscle –diaphragm
what are the major contents of the thoracic cavity
heart and lungs
what are the major contents of the abdominal and pelvic cavity
intestines
digestive organs– liver gallbladder and pancreas , urinary bladder,
in females– uterus and ovaries
