organelles of cell definitions Flashcards
what part of a cell separates the internal contents from cell’s external environment
cell membrane
the cell membrane has hydrophilic or hydrophobic heads
hydrophilic
the cell membrane has hydrophilic or hydrophobic tails
hydrophobic
what part of the cell has a structural system that provides mechanical support
cytoskeleton
what part of a cell includes all the cell organelles and the cytosol which is the gel-like aqueous (watery) solution that fills the interior of the cell
cytoplasm
what are the contents of the nucleus called
nucleoplasm
what consists primarily of water but also contains countless other dissolved chemicals and proteins in the cell
cytosol
what are the extensions or attachments of cell membranes
flagella and cilia
what are the long whip-like energetically driven structures that generate LOCOMOTION of a cell
flagella
what are hair-like extensions of the cell membrane and has the primary function of locomotion with independent movement ability of either the cell or itself or fluids on the cell surface
cilia
what structure of a cell is a membrane-bound structure that contains DNA of a cell and the nucleolus
nucleus
what is the structure where ribosomes are constructed
nucleolus
what structure of a cell contains enzymes that extract chemical energy from nutrients (glucose) and convert the energy into potential energy stored in high energy molecules usually ATP or NADH
mitochondria
what are the nucleic acids of all cells and are the genetic information molecules of the cell
DNA and RNA molecules
what in a cell can convert an energy source into high energy molecules that can drive other chemical reaction within a cell
enzymes
what replicates DNA within a cell
protein
what are the small spherical complexes of proteins that can read messenger RNA transcripts and assemble the proteins coded for in the mRNA
ribosomes
ribosomes assemble proteins from individual amino acids that are dissolved in what
cytosol
what are the convoluted network of membrane passageways that is connected to the cell nucleus then continues into the cell cytoplasm
Rough and Smooth ER
what structure is involved in the synthesis of lipid compounds and the transport and packaging of various compounds produced by the cell
Smooth ER
which structure works in coordination with the Golgi apparatus
smooth ER
which structure distributes ribosomes in the RER, giving a granular or rough appearance to the RER membranes
rough ER
which structure functions with the smooth ER to process, package, and transport a wide variety of products synthesized with the cell
Golgi apparatus
what is the structure in eukaryotic cells that assemble and organize microtubule structures
centrosomes
