integumentary--- layers of the integument

Question 1

what does the integument consists of

Answer 1

dermal or cutaneous layer

and a subcutaneous or hypodermal layer

Question 2

the dermal layers consists if how many sub-layers

Answer 2

2

Question 3

what are the 2 sub-layers of the dermal layers

Answer 3

dermis and epidermis

Question 4

what is the hypodermis (subcutaneous layer)

Answer 4

lowermost or deeper layer of the integument

Question 5

what does the hypodermis or the subcutaneous layer consist of

Answer 5

primarily loose adipose connective tissue

blood vessels

lymphatic vessels

nerves

Question 6

the hypodermis provides a transitional connective zone between what

Answer 6

overlying dermal layer and adjacent underlying body contents

Question 7

what are the overlying dermal layer and adjacent body contents that the hypodermis provides a transitional connective zone between

Answer 7

outer skeletal muscle layers— some bony areas- particularly over the knee and elbow joint and the anterior surfaces of the lower leg (shins)

Question 8

what is the dermis

Answer 8

middle layer of the 3 major integument layers

Question 9

what is the dermis composed of

Answer 9

3 primary cell types – fibroblasts, macrophages, and adipocytes

Question 10

what are the 2 sublayers of the dermis

Answer 10

reticular layer and papillary layer

Question 11

what is the dermal reticular layer

Answer 11

roots of hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and sensory receptors are implanted within the reticular layer of the dermis

Question 12

what is the dermal papillary layer

Answer 12

second sublayer of the dermis

Question 13

what is the dermal papillary layer superior to

Answer 13

reticular layer

Question 14

what does the papillary later consist of

Answer 14

areolar connective tissue

Question 15

what does the areolar connective tissue of the papillary layer allow

Answer 15

allow substances to readily diffuse through the tissue

Question 16

what is the epidermis

Answer 16

most superficial layer of the integument

Question 17

what does the epidermis not have

Answer 17

direct blood supply

Question 18

because the epidermis has no direct supply what does it depend on

Answer 18

diffusion

Question 19

what does the epidermis depend on diffusion for

Answer 19

supplies of oxygen and nutrients

transport of CO2

other waste products

Question 20

where does the epidermis begin

Answer 20

immediately adjacent to the superficial surface of the papillary layer of the dermis

Question 21

how are the papillary layer and the epidermis separated

Answer 21

basement membrane

Question 22

what is the basement layer

Answer 22

common feature of almost all epithelial tissues —serves as attachment surface for lowermost layers of epithelial cells

Question 23

what additional function does the basement membrane have

Answer 23

immune system functions and cellular repair functions

Question 24

what are the glands of the integument

Answer 24

sebaceous, sudoriferous, and ceruminous glands

Question 25

how do exocrine glands secrete substances

Answer 25

glandular duct(tube) onto the surface of epithelial tissue—

Question 26

where do the exocrine glands secrete substances by the grandular duct

Answer 26

either on the surface of the skin or luminal surface of epithelial lined hollow organ

Question 27

what is an example of an epithelial lined hollow organ

Answer 27

small intestine

Question 28

where do endocrine glands secrete substances

Answer 28

directly into the bloodstream or lymphatic system

Question 29

where are sebaceous glands widely distributed

Answer 29

throughout the integument

Question 30

where are sebaceous glands NOT widely distributed

Answer 30

soles of the feet and the palms of the hands

Question 31

sebaceous glands have ducts that most commonly communicate with what

Answer 31

hair follicles

^^^but only a small percentage open directly onto the external epidermal surface

Question 32

what does the sebaceous glands synthesize and secrete

Answer 32

sebum

Question 33

what is sebum

Answer 33

oily or waxy substance that provides an oily medium

Question 34

what does sebum contribute to

Answer 34

composition of the sweat layer on the surface of the skin

Question 35

what does the oil component of sweat extends

Answer 35

extends cooling effects of evaporative sweating

Question 36

what does sebum prevent

Answer 36

dehydration

Question 37

how does sebum prevent dehydration

Answer 37

by increasing the adherence of the sweat layer to the surface on the skin

Question 38

what does sebum strongly inhibits

Answer 38

inhibits the growth of potentially harmful microorganisms

Question 39

what are Sudoriferous Glands

Answer 39

type of sweat glands– there are two types

Question 40

what are the 2 types of sudoriferous glands

Answer 40

eccrine and apocrine glands

Question 41

where are eccrine glands found

Answer 41

found all over the body

Question 42

what does the eccrine glands secrete and what does it do

Answer 42

secretes a watery product to cool the skin

Question 43

where are apocrine glands found

Answer 43

in the armpits and perianal area

Question 44

what do apocrine glands do

Answer 44

secrete a vicious and odorous product

Question 45

where are ceruminous glands found

Answer 45

human external auditory canal (ear)

Question 46

what are ceruminous glands

Answer 46

modified apocrine glands

Question 47

what does the ceruminous glands do

Answer 47

work with apocrine glands to produce a cerumen— earwax