Skeletal System Flashcards
Give an example of a sesamoid bone?
Patella
Describe in a few words the process of bone growth?
- Bone is continuously being reshaped through a process called remodelling.
- Ossification is the process in which bones are formed.
- Osteoclasts remove unnecessary calcium.
- Osteoblasts bring new calcium to the bone to create bone matter.
- Osteoblasts activity increases with exercise.
- Epiphyseal plates continue to grow allowing to grow the bone longer. This continues until full maturity.
- Epiphysis’s fuse with the main shaft (diaphysis to create the epiphyseal line.
How can you prevent Osteoporosis?
Physical activity can prevent this by promoting the uptake of minerals in the bones resulting in stronger bones and increase the bone density.
What is the name of the condition where there is an inflammation within a synovial joint causing pain, stiffness, wear & tear?
Arthritis
Name the five sections of the spine
Cervical - 7 Bones
Thoracic - 12 Bones
Lumbar - 5 Bones
Sacral - 5 Bones
Coccygeal - 4 Bones
What are the long term adaptations to exercise?
- Increase in bone density and strength
- Increased in ligament strength
- Increased thickness of articular cartliage
What are the Epiphyseal plates?
Growing area at the end of long bones which allow them to grow longer
Name of ankle movements? Name the bones involved?
Planterflexion and Dorsiflexion
Tibia, Fibula, Tarsals
What is the name of an excessive outward curve of the thoracic region of the spine resulting in a “hunchback” appearance?
Kyphosis
What can joints do?
Allow you to move parts of your body in specific directions
What are the functions of the sesamoid bones?
Held within a tendon and reduce friction between the joint
What prevents bones from rubbing and acts as a shock absorber?
Articular Cartilage
What are the functions of the long bones?
Act as a lever to create movement and they produce red blood cells
Name the five types of bones?
Long Bones
Short Bones
Flat Bones
Sesamoid Bones
Irregular Bones
What contains and releases synovial fluid?
Synovial Membrane
What bones and movement are involved in the Thumb (Saddle)?
Flexion, extension, adduction, abduction and circumduction.
Carpals, Metacarpals
Osteoporosis is…
a weakening of the bones caused by a loss in calcium or vitamin D.
What bones and movement are involved in the Wrist (Condyloid)?
Flexion, extension, adduction, abduction and circumduction.
Ulna, Radius, Carpals
Identify the area of the skeleton that contain the limbs, Shoulder Girdle and Pelvic Girdle
Appendicular Skeleton
What is the name of the fluid which lubricates and reduces friction of the joint?
Synovial fluid
Give an example of a flat bone?
Cranium, Sternum
How can you prevent arthritis?
Exercise produces more synovial fluid thus reducing the risk.
An increase of lubrication will reduce friction but also provide important minerals to the cartilage to reduce impact between bone-to-bone.
What are the short term responses to exercise?
- Increase in Synovial Fluid Production
- Uptake of Minerals
- Increased Pliability of Ligaments
Identify the area of the skeleton that contain the Cranium, Sternum, Ribs and Vertebral Column
Axial Skeleton
3 Stages of a warm up?
- Pulse Raiser - Jogging
- Mobility/Activations - FIFA 11
- Active Stretches - Lunges, Squats
What are the functions of the short bones?
They are used for weight bearing activities and absorb shock/impact
I stabilize the joint and link from bone to bone - What am I?
Ligament
Why is a warm up important?
Reduces risk of injury and prepares the body and mind for maximum performance
Give and example of an irregular bone?
Pisiform, Vertebrae
What is the Diaphysis?
Process of the end of each long bone fusing with the main shaft
What main bones are involved in the shoulder?
Scapula, Humerus, Clavicle
Can you name all the major bones from head to toe?
Cranium (Skull
Clavicle
Sternum
Scapula
Ribs
Humerous
Vertebral Column
Ulna
Radius
Pelvis
Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges
Femur
Patella
Tibia
Fibula
Tarsals
Metatarsals
Describe ‘remodelling’ in terms of bone growth
Process of bone being reshaped
What type of joint is fixed and allows no movement
Fibrous
The Epiphyseal line is…?
The line between the Epiphysis and the Diaphysis
What is another name for Brittle Bones?
Osteoporosis
What are the difference between osteoclasts and osteoblasts
Osteoclasts = Cells that remove unnecessary calcium (CLEARING)
Osteoblasts = Cells that bring calcium to your bones creating bone matter (BUILDING
What are the functions of the skeletal system? Name 5 as a maximum
- Supporting framework
- Protects the organs
- Attachment for muscle
- Blood cell production
- Store of minerals
- Leverage
- Weight bearing
- Reducing friction across joints
What is the definition of a joint?
A joint is where two or more bones meet or join.
What bones and movement are involved in the Pivot Joint
Rotation and the Axis and Axial in C1 and C2 (Vertebrae)
What are the functions of the flat bones?
Protect vital organs (ribs protect the lungs and heart) and attach muscles and produce blood
What joints are freely moveable?
Synovial
What is a cool down important?
Reduces risk of injury and prepares the body and mind for relaxation and recovery to get ready for next training session or match.
Give an example of a long bone?
Femur, Humerus
What are the three joint classifications?
- Fibrious (fixed)
- Cartilaginous (slightly moveable)
- Synovial (freely moveable)
What two movements can the knee and elbow do? Name the bone involved?
Flexion and extension
Knee: Femur, Tibia, Fibula, Patella
Elbow: Humerus, Radius, Ulna
What is the name of the fluid filled sac that provides a cushion between tendons and bones and reduce friction?
Bursa
Give an example of a short bone?
Tarsals, Carpals
What is the name of an abnormal curvature of the spine either to the left or right (lateral curvature)? Usually comes in an S-shape or a C-shape.
Scoliosis
Identify the six synovial joints?
- Hinge
- Ball and Socket
- Pivot
- Condyloid
- Saddle
- Gliding
The shoulder and hip and ball and socket joints. What movements can they produce?
Flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, rotation and circumduction
What are the functions of the irregular bones?
Many functions including, protection, attachment to muscles, support, movement etc.
What is the process in which bones are formed?
Ossificiation
What main bones are involved in the Hip?
Pelvis and Femur
What joints are slightly moveable?
Cartliaginous
What is a Gliding joint?
Found in hands and feet. They have limited movement in all directions.
For example, between the carpals (hands) and tarsals (feet)
What surrounds the synovial joint it protects and stabilises the joint?
Joint Capsule
