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Level 3 BTEC Sport Unit 1 Anatomy & Physiology (Next Phase Academy) > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

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1
Q

A lack of oxygen at high altitudes can lead to what medical condition?

A

Due to the lack of oxygen altitude can lead to hypoxia which causes an increase in breathing rate and depth.

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2
Q

What is the name of the volume of air that can be forced out of the lungs after maximal inspiration AND amount of air left in the lungs

A

Total Lung Capacity (6 L)

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3
Q

Commonly known as the voice box
Has rigid walls of cartilage
Connects the pharynx to the trachea

A

Larynx

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4
Q

Tiny air sacs where gaseous exchange happens. There are about 300,000,000 in each lung

A

Alveoli

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5
Q

Small flap of cartilage that allows food to pass into the stomach and not into the lungs

A

Epiglottis

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6
Q

Explain what an increase of strength in the respiratory muscles will do?

A

Training will increase the strength of the muscles of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles meaning it will increase the chest cavity allowing more oxygen to be taken into the lungs, thus more energy.

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7
Q

What happens to our breath when we exercise?

A

Breathing rate increases (quicker breathes)

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8
Q

Explain what an increased in vital capacity will do?

A

Training will increase this meaning there will be a more efficient supply of oxygen to the working muscles, thus more energy.

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9
Q

The passing of air through the lungs in one minute is called…

A

Minute Volume

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10
Q

What is the volume of air that can be forced out the lungs after maximal inspiration?

A

Vital Capacity (4.8 L)

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11
Q

Describe the process of Partial Pressure/Altitude

A

Partial pressure tells us how much of a particular gas is present. Oxygen moves from
high pressure (alveoli) to low pressure (capillaries) until the pressure are equal

The greater the difference in gasses, the faster the rate of diffusion

At altitude there is less oxygen reducing the partial pressure

Because there is less oxygen available you have to work harder this can cause: shortness
of breath, dizziness and difficulties in concentration.

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12
Q

Which muscles lie outside the ribcage and draw the ribs upwards and outwards

A

External Intercostal Muscles

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13
Q

Name of the chamber in chest that is protected by the ribs and sternum

A

Thoracic Cavity

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14
Q

What is the process for Inspiration?

A

The diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract

When the diaphragm contracts it flattens and the external
intercostal muscles raise the ribs upwards and outwards

This increases the area of the thoracic cavity

The increase in area reduces the pressure inside the lungs
compared to the outside

This causes air to enter the lungs

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15
Q

Name of the condition where the airways are restricted?

A

Asthma

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16
Q

What is the amount of air inspired or expired in a normal breath when the person is at rest?

A

Tidal Volume (0.5L)

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17
Q

What is the immediate response to the respiratory system after exercise?

A
  1. Increased Breathing Rate (quicker breathes)
  2. Increased Tidal Volume (deeper breathes)
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18
Q

The thorax increases in size to allow air to be taken in is called…

A

Inspiration

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19
Q

Name the accessory structure of the respiratory system from the top to bottom.

A

Cartliage rings (around trachea)
Section of Ribs
Intercostal Muscle (internal and external)
Diaphragm muscle
Fibrous region of Diaphragm

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20
Q

When exercise occurs, what do we need more off?

A

Oxygen, for energy production

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21
Q

Explain the Neural control of breathing

A

The contraction of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles are responsible for
inspiration and expiration.

The contraction of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles are controlled by
neurons

The neurons that control breathing come from the medulla oblongata which is
located in the brain

When we exercise the medulla oblongata with send impulses to the diaphragm and intercostal muscles to contract which speeds up breathing

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22
Q

What is responsible for involuntary functions such as breathing?

A

Medulla Oblongata

23
Q

Branch off from the trachea and carry air into the lungs

A

Bronchi

24
Q

Name the process by which a substance such as oxygen passes through a cell membrane either to get into the cell or to get out of the cell

A

Diffusion - it happens from an area where they are more concentrated to an areas where they are less concentrated.

For example - Low CO2 in alveoli/High CO2 in blood

25
Q

How can breathing be controlled? (Or monitored)

A

Neural and Chemical Control

26
Q

The thorax decreases in size to allow air to be forced out is called…

A

Expiration

27
Q

Name the structure of the respiratory system from top to bottom.

A

Nasal Cavity
Mouth
Pharynx
Epiglottis
Larynx
Trachea
Lungs
Bronchus (Split into 2 Bronchi)
Bronchioles
Alveoli

28
Q

What is the process for Expiration?

A

The diaphragm and external intercostal muscles relax the
internal intercostals contract

When the diaphragm relaxes and the internal intercostal
muscles contacts they lower the ribs downwards and
inwards

This decreases the area of the thoracic cavity

The decrease in area increases the pressure inside the lungs
compared to the outside

This causes air to leave the lungs

29
Q

Name the three adaptations of the respiratory system to training.

A
  1. Increased Vital Capacity
  2. Increased Strength of Respiratory Muscles
30
Q

The process of moving air in and out of the lungs is called…

A

Pulmonary Ventilation

31
Q

What happens when you train at altitude?

A

Performance levels at altitude will reduce, however over a period of time your respiratory system will adapt to the
conditions

Elite athletes will train at altitude so their body adapts. Adaptations include an increasing in red blood cells and capillaries which will allow
more oxygen to be carried and diffused to the working muscles.

32
Q

Residual Volume

A

Amount of air left in the lungs even after forced breathing out. Usually around 1.5 L

33
Q

Small airways that extend from the Bronchi, about 1 mm in diameter and connect the Bronchi to the Alveoli

A

Bronchioles

34
Q

Pulmonary Ventilation

A

The process of moving air in and out of the lungs

35
Q

Which muscles lie inside the ribcage and draw the rubs downards and inwards

A

Internal Intercostal Muscles

36
Q

Explain the process of an increased breathing rate

A

During exercise the demand for
oxygen increases

Carbon dioxide levels increase

Breathing rate increases to fuel the demand for oxygen

The more intense the exercise the greater the breathing rate

When we stop exercising breathing rate slows

Prior to exercise you may experience an anticipatory rise (adrenaline hormone increases) in breathing rate

37
Q

Explain the Chemical control of breathing

A

Chemoreceptors are found in the heart (carotid artery and aortic arch)

These chemoreceptors pick up changes in chemicals fluctuations (carbon
dioxide)

When we exercise carbon dioxide levels increase, these chemical changes will
be picked up by the chemoreceptors in the heart, they will send signals to the
medulla oblongata which will speed up the heart through neural control. Thus, more oxygen is required and breathing rate increases.

38
Q

What happens to our breath when we stop exercising?

A

Breathing rate decreases (slower breathes)

39
Q

What is the name of the process by air is transported in and out of the lungs

A

Pulmonary Ventilation, or also known as, breathing

40
Q

An organ which has a left and a right that allows oxygen to be drawn into the body

A

Lungs

41
Q

Commonly known as the windpipe
Is surrounded by rings of cartilage
Branches into the left and right bronchi

A

Trachea

42
Q

Hairs filter dust, pollen and other particles
Air is warmed and moistened

A

Nasal Cavity

43
Q

What is located in the middle of your brain which is responsible for involuntary functions such as breathing, heart beat and sneezing?

A

Medulla Oblongata

44
Q

Commonly known as the throat
Connects the nasal cavity to the larynx

A

Phraynx

45
Q

Name the three adaptations of the respiratory system to training.

A
  1. Increased Vital Capacity
  2. Increased Strength of Respiratory Muscles
  3. Increased Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Diffusion Rate
46
Q

Explain the process of an increased tidal volume

A

Tidal volume increases due to
the extra demand for oxygen

This allows more air to pass
through the lungs (pulmonary
ventilation)

This allows oxygen to be
delivered to the working
muscles through deeper breaths

Tidal volume increases during
both aerobic and anaerobic
exercise

During intense exercise minute
volume can increase by 15 times

47
Q

Describe the process of Asthma

A

Asthma makes the bands around the airways contract and tighten so air cannot move freely in or out of the body phlegm can also narrow the airway further

Exercise can induce an asthma attack

Asthma reduces performance as it restricts oxygen getting to the working muscles

Exercise can benefit someone with asthma as it can reduce the effects by increasing respiratory muscles, vital capacity and the
oxygen and carbon dioxide diffusion rate

48
Q

Minute Volume

A

The passing of air through the lungs in one minute

49
Q

Tidal Volume

A

Amount of air inspired or expired in a normal breath when the person is at rest. Usually at 0.5 L

50
Q

A flat muscle located beneath the lungs and involved in inspiration and expiration

A

Diaphragm

51
Q

Vital Capacity

A

The volume of air that can be forced out the lungs after maximal inspiration. Usually around 4.8 L

52
Q

Explain what an increase of oxygen and carbon dioxide diffusion rate will do?

A

Due to the increase in capillaries (capillarisation) there is an increase in efficiency of the
diffusion of gasses.

More oxygen can be delivered to the working muscles.

More carbon dioxide can be removed and exhaled.

53
Q

What is the amount of air left in the lungs even after forced
breathing out

A

Residual Volume (1.5 L)

Level 3 BTEC Sport Unit 1 Anatomy & Physiology (Next Phase Academy) (6 decks)

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