Energy Systems Flashcards
Describe the first process (Aerobic Glycolysis)
The first stage of aerobic metabolism, converting carbohydrates into pyruvic acid using oxygen, which requires 10 chemicals reactions to produce two molecules of ATP
What activities require short bursts of energy?
Sprinting, jumping, golf swing.
Large amounts of energy over a short period of time, these are usually done without oxygen being needed.
Why is it recommended that children train aerobically instead of anaerobically?
During high intense exercise lactic acid builds up more quickly. It is more difficult to remove this waste product.
What are the three main concerns with the lactate system in children?
Lack of muscle mass
Lower glycogen stores
Fewer essential enzymes for energy production
What are the three processes in the Aerobic system?
Stage 1: Aerobic Glycolysis
Stage 2: Krebs Cycle
Stage 3: Electron Transport Chain
How does ATP release energy?
ATP releases energy by breaking a bond between phosphates
When a phosphate is broken it releases energy
When ATP loses a phosphate, it forms ADP (adenosine di-phosphate)
What is ATP?
It consists of a molecule adenosine and three phosphates.
ATP is needed for muscular contraction.
Without ATP there would be no energy for movement
Explain the increase in creatine stores.
More creatine means that you can exercise the ATP-PC energy system for longer
High intense, fast and powerful exercise for longer
Type 1 Diabetes is…
Where the body is unable to produce insulin. As the body cannot use glucose for energy it looks elsewhere such as fats and proteins. Energy production would be limited to the ATP-PC system without the use of insulin injections/pump
Identify the following for the ATP-PC system:
Aerobic or Anaerobic:
Energy source:
How long does it last:
Recovery time:
Sporting examples:
Anaerobic
Creatine Phosphate (PCr)
10 seconds
1:10
100 m/Shot-put/High Jump
What is the Aerobic Energy System?
It is a long term energy system to yield large amounts of ATP
How long does the Lactate system give us?
10 seconds to 2 minutes of intense exercise
What is a hypoglycaemic attack?
This is when the blood sugar falls to low. It occurs when someone misses a meal, takes too much insulin or exercises too hard
Symptoms include; feeling hungry, trembling, shakiness, sweating, confusion
People with diabetes must monitor glucose levels before during and after exercise
What activities require a continuous supply of energy?
Marathon running, cycling, swimming.
These receive energy for a longer period but at a lower rate, these usually are done with oxygen.
ATP-PC/Alactic System
Where is ATP stored?
In the muscle cells
What are the adaptations of the energy systems?
Increase in creatine stores
Increase in tolerance to lactic acid
Improved aerobic energy system
The use of fat as an energy source
Increase storage of glycogen
Increase in mitochondria
Explain the increase in mitochondria
Aerobic respiration happens inside the mitochondria, the more mitochondria the more oxygen can be used for an energy source, which can help with recovery too
How long does the lactate system take to recover?
3 minutes - 2 hours
All energy systems work together but the type of activity and its intensity will determine which system is predominant.
True or False?
True.
What is the third & final energy system?
The Aerobic System
Identify the following for the Lactate system:
Aerobic or Anaerobic:
Energy source:
How long does it last:
Recovery time:
Sporting examples:
Anaerobic
Glucose or Glycogen
10s - 2 minutes
3 mins - 2 hours
400 m, Downhill Skiiing, 200 m Swim
What are the guidelines for exercising around diabetes?
Aerobic exercise can help the body use insulin more effectively lowering blood glucose
Anaerobic exercise can increase blood glucose
Blood glucose can negatively affect energy levels and performance
What is the body’s currency for energy?
ATP
Type 2 Diabetes is…
This is a common form of diabetes, it is developed when not enough insulin is produced by the body
How long does the ATP-PC energy system last?
Approximately 3 -10 seconds
How long does it take to recover for the ATP-PC system?
A ratio of 1:10
6 seconds of intense exercise takes 1 minute to recover
ATP-PC/Alactic System
How many seconds of intense exercise until the stored ATP is used up?
3 seconds. The ATP is used up and leaves ADP in the cells.
It’s half time and a pause in play, which is the predominant energy system?
Aerobic - allowing to generate more ATP and the anaerobic system to be partially recovered.
Explain the improved aerobic energy system
Adaptations to the cardiovascular and respiratory system will improve the aerobic energy system as it will allow
increased oxygen delivery to the working muscles
In a football match lasting 90 minutes, which is the predominant energy system?
Aerobic - as its up to 90 minutes.
When the ATP-PC system begins to fade (after 10 seconds), which system will be the most prominent?
Lactate System
Describe the re-synthesization of ATP in the ATP-PC system
The muscle cells also contain high energy compounds called creatine phosphate (Pcr)
Creatine phosphate is made up of a molecule of creatine and phosphate
When creatine phosphate bond is broken by creatine kinase (enzyme), the creatine and phosphate split
The phosphate joins onto ADP to resynthesize ATP
Explain the use of fat as an energy source
Training increases the ability to use fats as an energy source this helps the aerobic system
Explain the increase storage of glycogen
An increase in glycogen stores will benefit both the lactic and aerobic energy system as it provides extra fuel
Where does the process take place to yield the ATP?
Occurs in the mitochondria of the muscle cells
What is diabetes?
Diabetes is the body’s inability to regulate the amount of glucose in the blood due to the lack of insulin function
Insulin is the hormone that allows glucose to enter cells so it can be used for energy
Diabetes impacts on the amount of energy we can use from carbohydrates
How does the lactate system resynthesise ATP?
The lactate system breaks down glycogen (stored glucose) without the use of oxygen, this is called anaerobic glycolysis
Glycogen is stored in the liver and muscle cells
Glucose in the blood can be transported to the muscle cells immediately
When we break down a molecule of glycogen it produces 3 molecules of ATP
It also produces pyruvate acid that is converted to the lactate. Lactic acid is a waste product from lactate.
Does the body use one system at a time? True or False
False - energy is derived from all three systems at any time. It’s the emphasis of one depends on the intensity.
Describe the Electron Transport Chain
Is the most important step in energy production and is where the majority of ATP is produced (34 molecules of ATP from glucose) the hydrogen created within the krebs cycle is accepted by the hydrogen acceptor found in the mitochondria where, in presence of oxygen, ATP can be
produced
A longer period of play is happening, and you have made several consecutive tackles, which is the predominant energy system?
Lactate system
The energy systems function..
Aerobically (with oxygen) or Anaerobically (without the presence of oxygen)
What type of exercise is the ATP-PC system good for?
High intensity exercise
Describe the Krebs cycle
Sometimes known as the citric acid cycle. The pyruvic acid enters the mitochondria and is converted into citric acid. Resulting in two molecules of ATP and waste products of carbon dioxide and hydrogen. The carbon dioxide is removed and exhaled by the CV system.
What does ADP stand for?
Adenosine Diphosphate
What does ATP stand for?
Adenosine Triphosphate
What age does the lactate system develop until?
Aged 20 is when it’s fully developed. It develops throughout childhood.
What does hyperglycaemic mean?
This is when the blood sugar is too high. It can occur if someone eats too much or misses insulin injection
Symptoms include; thirst & hunger, tiredness, blurred vision
Name the three energy systems
- ATP-PC System
- Lactate System
- Aerobic System
Explain the increase intolerance to lactic acid
Lactic acid is a waste product from the lactate system
Lactic acid makes the muscle feel fatigued
A tolerance to lactic acid will allow the muscles to work for longer without getting fatigued
All movement requires…
Energy
How does ATP resynthesise?
ATP works like a rechargeable battery. ATP energy is released by converting ATP to ADP (breaking the bond releases energy) ADP now needs recharging by rebonding with a phosphate to resynthesise as ATP. The body uses a number of different systems to do this.
Within the football match, you start to sprint, jump and shoot, which is the predominant energy system?
ATP-PC system
ATP-PC/Alactic System
What happens after the 3 seconds of intense exercise?
ADP needs to be re-synthesized into ATP by using creatine phosphate (PCr).
