Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Axial Skeleton

A

The bones of the skull, vertebral column, thorax, and sternum.

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2
Q

Appendicular Skeleton

A

Bones of the limbs and limb girdles that are attached to the axial skeleton.

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3
Q

Compact Bone

A

Dense and looks smooth and homogeneous.

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4
Q

Spongy Bone

A

Composes of small needle like pieces of bone and lots of open space.

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5
Q

Long Bones

A

Typically longer than they are wide.

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6
Q

Short Bones

A

Generally cube-shaped and contain mostly spongy bone.

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7
Q

Flat Bones

A

Thin, flattened, and usually curved.

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8
Q

Irregular Bones

A

Bones that do not fit into any category.

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9
Q

Diaphysis

A

AKA Shaft, makes up most of the bone’s length and is composed of compact bone.

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10
Q

Periosteum

A

Covers and protects the diaphysis. It is a fibrous connective tissue membrane.

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11
Q

Epiphyseal Line

A

A thin line of bony tissue spanning the epiphysis that looks a bit different from the bone in that area.

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12
Q

Hematoma

A

When a bone breaks, blood vessels are ruptured and a blood filled swelling called a ________ is formed.

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13
Q

Cranium

A

Encloses and protects the fragile brain tissue.

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14
Q

Occipital Bone

A

The most posterior bone of the cranium. Forms the floor and back wall of the skull.

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15
Q

Vertebral Column

A

AKA spine. Extends from the skull, which it supports, to the pelvis, where it transmits the weight of the body to the lower limbs.

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16
Q

Vertebrae

A

Bones that make up the spine.

17
Q

Intervertebral Discs

A

Separates the single vertebrae. Made up of pads of flexible fibrocartilage which cushion the vertebrae and and absorb shocks while allowing the spine to be flexible.

18
Q

Cervical Vertebrae

A

Form the neck region of the spine.

19
Q

Thoracic Vertebrae

A

All typical and larger than the cervical vertebrae.

20
Q

Lumbar Vertebrae

A

Have massive block-like bodies. They are short and hatchet-shaped. In the lower back.

21
Q

Sacrum

A

Formed by the fusion of five vertebrae. Inferiorly connects with the coccyx.

22
Q

Coccyx

A

Formed by the fusion of three to five tiny, irregularly shaped vertebrae. AKA tailbone.

23
Q

Sternum

A

AKA breastbone. A typical flat bone and the result of the fusion of three bones: the manubrium, body, and xiphoid processes.

24
Q

Ribs

A

Form the walls of the bony thorax.

25
Clavicle
AKA collarbone. A slender, doubly curved bone.
26
Scapulae
AKA shoulder blades. Triangular and called "wings" because they flare when we move our arms posteriorly.
27
Humerus
Forms the arm and is a typical long bone.
28
Radius
The bone that is on the thumb-side of the forearm. Runs all the way up the arm.
29
Ulna
The bone on the pinky-side of the forearm. Runs all the way up the arm.
30
Carpal Bones
There are eight of them. Arranged in two irregular rows of four bones each to form the wrist.
31
Pelvic Girdle
Formed by two coxal bones, AKA hip bones.
32
Femur
AKA thigh bone. Only bone in the thigh. Heaviest and strongest bone in the body.
33
Tibia
AKA shinbone. One of the two bones that form the leg. Larger than the other bone and more medial.
34
Fibula
Lies alongside the Tibia and helps to form the leg. It is thin and stick-like.