Digestive System

Question 1

A continuous, coiled, hollow, muscular tube that winds through the ventral body cavity and is open at both ends. AKA alimentary canal.

Answer 1

Gastrointestinal Tract

Question 2

AKA the mouth. Where food enters the mouth, a mucous membrane-lined cavity.

Answer 2

Oral Cavity

Question 3

Forms the mouth’s anterior roof.

Answer 3

Hard Palate

Question 4

Forms the mouth’s posterior roof.

Answer 4

Soft Palate

Question 5

A fleshy, fingerlike projection of the soft palate, which extends downward from its posterior edge.

Answer 5

Uvula

Question 6

A fold of mucous membrane that secures the tongue to the floor of the mouth and limits its posterior movements.

Answer 6

Lingual Frenulum

Question 7

Receives air, food and water from the mouth and transports it to the esophagus. Made up of three parts, the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx.

Answer 7

Pharynx

Question 8

AKA gullet. Runs from the pharynx through the diaphragm and into the stomach. About 25 cm long, it conducts food to the stomach by peristalsis.

Answer 8

Esophagus

Question 9

The innermost layer of the esophagus, lines the cavity of the organ.

Answer 9

Mucosa

Question 10

Found just beneath the mucosa. Soft connective tissue layer made up of blood vessels, nerve endings, and lymph nodules and vessels.

Answer 10

Submucosa

Question 11

Muscle layer typically made up of an inner circular layer and an outer longitudinal layer of smooth muscle cells.

Answer 11

Muscularis Externa

Question 12

Outermost layer of the esophagus wall.

Answer 12

Serosa

Question 13

Part of the Serosa, it consists of a single layer of serous fluid-producing cells.

Answer 13

Visceral Peritoneum

Question 14

Another part of the Serosa, it is combined with the Visceral Peritoneum. It is slick, slippery, and lines the abdominopelvic cavity.

Answer 14

Parietal Peritoneum

Question 15

A membrane extension in the Serosa that attaches the intestines to the abdominal wall. It stores fat, allows the blood and lymph vessels as well as nerves to supply the intestines.

Answer 15

Mesentery

Question 16

C-shaped, on the left side of the abdominal cavity, and is nearly hidden by the liver and diaphragm.

Answer 16

Stomach

Question 17

Part of the cardiac region of the stomach, food enters the stomach through the esophagus here.

Answer 17

Cardioesophageal Sphincter

Question 18

Governs the passage of food out of the stomach into the small intestine.

Answer 18

Pyloric Sphincter

Question 19

When the stomach is empty and its mucosa collapses inward on itself into folds.

Answer 19

Rugae

Question 20

The convex lateral surface of the stomach.

Answer 20

Greater Curvature

Question 21

The concave medial surface of the stomach.

Answer 21

Lesser Curvature

Question 22

An extension of the peritoneum, drapes downward and covers abdominal organs like a lacy apron before attaching to the posterior body wall. It’s riddled with fat, which help to insulate, cushion, and protect the abdominal organs, and has large collections of lymph nodules containing macrophages and defensive cells of the immune system.

Answer 22

Greater Omentum

Question 23

After food has been digested in the stomach, it resembles heavy cream and is called this.

Answer 23

Chyme

Question 24

The body’s major digestive organ. Here, usable food is finally prepared for its journey into the cells of the body. It extends from the Pyloric Sphincter to the Ileocecal Valve.

Answer 24

Small Intestine

Question 25

Situated between the end of the small intestine and the beginning of the large intestine.

Answer 25

Ileocecal Valve

Question 26

Makes up 5 percent of the small intestine.

Answer 26

Duodenum

Question 27

Makes up nearly 40 percent of the small intestine.

Answer 27

Jejunum

Question 28

Makes up nearly 60 percent of the small intestine.

Answer 28

Ileum

Question 29

Enzymes produced by the pancreas are ducted into the Duodenum through these.

Answer 29

Pancreatic Ducts

Question 30

Bile, which is formed by the liver, enters the Duodenum through this.

Answer 30

Bile Duct

Question 31

Dries out the indigestible food residue by absorbing water and to eliminate these residues from the body as feces.

Answer 31

Large Intestine

Question 32

First subdivision of the large intestine.

Answer 32

Cecum

Question 33

Hangs from the cecum in a worm-like shape, AKA a potential trouble spot. It is an ideal spot for bacteria to accumulate and multiply AKA appendicitis.

Answer 33

Appendix

Question 34

The longest part of the large intestine, connects to small intestine on one end and anus at the other. It is divided into several different subdivisions and extracts water, nutrients and electrolytes from partially digested food.

Answer 34

Colon

Question 35

Lower part of the large intestine and connects to the sigmoid colon.

Answer 35

Rectum

Question 36

Conveys feces from the rectum to the anus.

Answer 36

Anal Canal

Question 37

Travels up the right side of the abdominal cavity.

Answer 37

Ascending Colon

Question 38

When the Ascending Colon makes a turn, it turns into this and proceeds to run into the Descending Colon.

Answer 38

Transverse Colon

Question 39

When the Transverse Colon turns and runs down the left side of the abdominal cavity, it is called this.

Answer 39

Descending Colon

Question 40

S-shaped and in the pelvic region, part of the large intestine.

Answer 40

Sigmoid Colon

Question 41

The largest gland in the body. Located under the diaphragm on the right side of the body, this gland produces bile, which helps break down foods.

Answer 41

Liver

Question 42

A small, thin-walled green sac that snuggles in a shallow fossa in the inferior surface of the liver. It stores bile.

Answer 42

Gall Bladder