Nervous System

Question 1

Makes up the upper part of the Central Nervous System and acts as the integrating/command centers of the nervous system.

Answer 1

Brain

Question 2

Makes up the lower part of the Central Nervous System and acts as the integrating/command centers of the nervous system.

Answer 2

Spinal Cord

Question 3

The 12 pairs of nerves that arise from the brain.

Answer 3

Cranial Nerves

Question 4

The division of the nervous system that functions involuntarily; innervates cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands.

Answer 4

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

Question 5

A system of nerves that connects the outlying parts of the body with the central nervous system.

Answer 5

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Question 6

The outermost and toughest of the three membranes (meninges) covering the brain and spinal cord.

Answer 6

Dura Mater

Question 7

The innermost meningeal membrane, it clings tightly to the surface of the brain and the spinal cord, following every fold.

Answer 7

Pia Mater

Question 8

The middle meningeal layer, it is weblike almost like a cobweb and its threadlike expansions span the subarachnoid space to attach it to the innermost membrane.

Answer 8

Arachnoid Mater

Question 9

Controls motor speech.

Answer 9

Broca’s Area

Question 10

The most inferior part of the brain stem. It merges into the spinal cord below without any obvious change in structure. It contains centers that control heart rate, blood pressure, breathing, swallowing, and vomiting, etc.

Answer 10

Medulla

Question 11

Part of the hind-brain; involved in producing smoothly coordinated skeletal muscle activity.

Answer 11

Cerebellum

Question 12

A rounded structure that protrudes just below the midbrain. It contains important nuclei involved with the control of the process of breathing

Answer 12

Pons

Question 13

A relatively small part of the brain stem. It extends from the mamillary bodies to the pons inferiorly.

Answer 13

Midbrain

Question 14

The fluid produced by choroid plexi; fills the ventricles and surrounds the central nervous system.

Answer 14

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Question 15

A mechanism that inhibits passage of materials from the blood into brain tissues.

Answer 15

Blood-Brain Barrier

Question 16

The region of the diencephalon forming the floor of the third ventricle of the brain.

Answer 16

Hypothalamus

Question 17

The part of the forebrain between the cerebral hemispheres and the midbrain including the thalamus, the third ventricle, and the hypothalamus.

Answer 17

Diencephalon

Question 18

A condition in which brain tissue is deprived of a blood supply, as in blockage of a cerebral blood vessel.

Answer 18

Stroke

Question 19

The portion of the brain consisting of the medulla, pons, and midbrain.

Answer 19

Brainstem

Question 20

Controls speech, memory, logical and emotional response, consciousness, interpretation of sensation, and voluntary movement.

Answer 20

Cerebral Cortex

Question 21

The emotional-visceral brain. Controls thirst, appetite, sex, pain, and pleasure.

Answer 21

Limbic System

Question 22

A man who’s remembered for his improbable survival after his head was impaled with an iron rod, destroying much of his left frontal lobe and losing his left eye. Resulting in him losing much of his previous personality.

Answer 22

Phineas Gage

Question 23

A chemical transmitter substance released by certain nerve endings.

Answer 23

Acetylcholine

Question 24

A messenger molecule that allows nerves to communicate with each other and gives off the feelings of pleasure, attention, mood, motivation, and controls some movement.

Answer 24

Dopamine

Question 25

An inhibitory neurotransmitter, it lessens a nerve cell’s ability to send, receive, or create chemical messages to other nerve cells. It is often sold as a dietary supplement.

Answer 25

GABA

Question 26

The most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate nervous system.

Answer 26

Glutamate

Question 27

A chemical created in nerve endings that help you stay focused and alert.

Answer 27

Norepinephrine

Question 28

Sends signals between nerve cells controlling sleep, learning, memory, happiness, regulating body temp, hunger, sexual behavior, bowel movements, and mood helping to decrease depression and anxiety.

Answer 28

Serotonin

Question 29

The brain and the spinal cord.

Answer 29

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Question 30

A division of the peripheral nervous system; also called the voluntary nervous system.

Answer 30

Somatic Nervous System (SNS)

Question 31

The non neuronal tissue of the central nervous system that performs supportive and other functions; also called glia.

Answer 31

Neuroglia

Question 32

A subtype of glial cells that make up the majority of cells in the central nervous system (CNS). They monitor clearing excess neurotransmitters, stabilizing and regulating the blood-brain barrier, and promoting synapse formation.

Answer 32

Astrocytes

Question 33

Spider like phagocytes that dispose of debris, including dead brain cells and bacteria.

Answer 33

Microglia

Question 34

A cell that forms the lining of the fluid-filled spaces in the brain and spinal cord. It is a type of glial cell.

Answer 34

Ependymal Cells

Question 35

The myelinating cells of the central nervous system (CNS) they produce the insulating sheath of axons.

Answer 35

Oligodendrocytes

Question 36

Form the myelin sheaths around nerve fibers that are found in the PNS.

Answer 36

Schwann Cells

Question 37

Act as protective, cushioning cells.

Answer 37

Satellite Cells

Question 38

The branching extensions of neurons that carry electrical signals to the cell body; the receptive portion of a nerve cell.

Answer 38

Dendrites

Question 39

A cone-like region of the cell body.

Answer 39

Axon Hillock

Question 40

The branches that come off of the terminal end of an axon. Carry neurotransmitters.

Answer 40

Axon Terminal

Question 41

A white, fatty lipid substance.

Answer 41

Myelin

Question 42

Gaps/indentations on the myelin sheaths.

Answer 42

Nodes of Ranvier

Question 43

The loss of a state of polarity; the loss of a negative charge inside the plasma membrane.

Answer 43

Depolarization