Skeletal System

Question 1

Answer 1

Question 2

The tarsometatarsal joint has more and less than the midtarsal joint

Answer 2

stability

range of mobility

Question 3

The midtarsal joint locks up and becomes rigid to provide

Answer 3

a stable base of support to push off from

Question 4

Which foot joint controls inversion and eversion?

Answer 4

Midtarsal joint

Question 5

List the 2 primary joints of the foot

Answer 5

Midtarsal

Tarsometatarsal

Question 6

The primary joints in the foot affect and

Answer 6

gait

foot stability

Question 7

Answer 7

Question 8

The covers the subtalar joint when viewing the leg from a posterior aspect

Answer 8

Achilles tendon

Question 9

List and define the 2 primary joints within the ankle

Answer 9

Talocrural joint - connects the tibia and fibula with the talus bone in the foot. This is a hinge joint and provides dorsiflexion and plantar flexion

Subtalar joint - connects the talus bone and calcaneus bone. This is a gliding joint and allows inversion and eversion of the ankle to occur

Question 10

Which bones in the foot provide leverage when walking/running and where are they located?

Answer 10

Sesamoid bones

Located underneath the first metatarsal bone (behind the big toe)

Question 11

Answer 11

Question 12

Leg Bones - ,

Ankle Bone -

Heel Bone -

Midfoot Bones (foot arch) - , ,

Forefoot Bones - ,

Answer 12

tibia, fibula

talus

calcaneus

cuboid, navicular, cuneiform (3)

metatarsals, phalanges (toes)

Question 13

Tribonucleation

Answer 13

The rapid creation of a temporary cavity within a joint that causes “cracking” joints

Question 14

Answer 14

A. Bone

B. Ligament

C. Synovial fluid

D. Synovial membrane

E. Cartilage

F. Joint capsule

Question 15

What is the most prevalent type of joint in the body?

Answer 15

Synovial

Question 16

List the 3 functional classifications of joints and their associated primary classification

Answer 16

Immovable - fibrous

Slightly movable - cartilaginous

Freely movable - synovial

Question 17

What does the sacroiliac joint do while walking and running?

Answer 17

The joint “locks” to provide a solid base of support during the foot push-off aspect of the gait cycle

Question 18

What is the purpose of the sacroiliac joint?

Answer 18

Absorb shock

Question 19

What is the scientific name of the “sits bones”?

Answer 19

Ischium

Question 20

What is the primary purpose of the ilium?

Answer 20

Protect internal organs

Question 21

Answer 21

Question 22

Mechanically speaking, the primary purpose of the pelvis is to and to .

Answer 22

Support the upper body

Transfer the energy from the legs to the spine and upper body

Question 23

Sciatica

Answer 23

A type of radicular pain that presents as pain down the posterior and/or lateral aspect of the leg and can manifest as a result of compression (i.e., herniated disk), spondylolisthesis, or muscle contraction

Question 24

Radiculopathy

Answer 24

Pain in the extremities (arms, hand, feet) that originates from compression of spinal nerves

Question 25

List and define the 2 components of an intervertebral disk

Answer 25

Annulus fibrosis - the outer, cartilage aspect of a disk

Nucleus pulposus - the inner, gelatinous aspect of a disk

Question 26

What is the cause of a herniated disk?

Answer 26

Excessive stress placed on a disk causes the annulus fibrosis to crack and some of the nucleus pulposus leaks out

Question 27

List and define the 3 spinal abnormalities

Answer 27

Lordosis - excessive lumbar spinal curvature (hyperextension)
Kyphosis - excessive thoracic spinal curvature (hyperflexion)
Scoliosis - spinal curvature in the frontal plane (lateral curvature)

Question 28

What occurs to the lumbar spine when runners become fatigued and what is the cause?

Answer 28

The lumbar spine becomes hyperextended due to a reduction in core stabilization

Question 29

What is one cause of lower back pain?

Answer 29

Inefficient muscular stabilization of the lumbar spine

Question 30

The lumbar spine is largely dependent on to provide stabilization and mobility

Answer 30

muscular support

Question 31

Neutral Spine

Answer 31

The position of the spine in which minimal neuromuscular activity is required to maintain a standing, relaxed posture

Question 32

List the 4 spinal curvatures along with their curve type

Answer 32

Cervical Curvature - Lordotic

Thoracic Curvature - Kyphotic

Lumbar Curvature - Lordotic

Sacral Curvature - Kyphotic

Question 33

List and define the 2 types of curves of the spine

Answer 33

Kyphotic - refers to an anterior curve of the spine
Lordotic - refers to a posterior curve of the spine

Question 34

List the 5 regions of the spine and the number of vertebrae in each

Answer 34

Cervical - 7

Thoracic - 12

Lumbar - 5

Sacral - 5

Coccyx - 4

Question 35

Appendicular Skeleton

Answer 35

Represented by the limbs of the body and the bones that attach the limbs to the axial skeleton.

Bones of the legs, arms, scapulas, clavicles, hands, feet, and pelvis

Question 36

Axial Skeleton

Answer 36

Forms the central axis that is responsible for providing support to the appendicular skeleton.

Skull, spine, ribs, and sternum

Question 37

Circumduction

Answer 37

The combination of abduction, adduction, flexion, and extension

Moving a limb in a circular motion

Question 38

Rotation

Answer 38

Circular motion around a fixed point

Turning ‒ or rotating ‒ the torso in the transverse plane while in an upright, standing position

Question 39

Valgus

Answer 39

Inward angle of bone or joint

Knock–kneed

Question 40

Varus

Answer 40

Outward angle of bone or joint

Bowlegged

Question 41

Contralateral

Answer 41

On the opposite side of another structure

When lifting the right arm, it is contralateral to the left leg

Question 42

Ipsilateral

Answer 42

On the same side as another structure

When lifting the right arm, it is ipsilateral to the right leg