Skeletal System Flashcards
The tarsometatarsal joint has more and less than the midtarsal joint
stability
range of mobility
The midtarsal joint locks up and becomes rigid to provide
a stable base of support to push off from
Which foot joint controls inversion and eversion?
Midtarsal joint
List the 2 primary joints of the foot
Midtarsal
Tarsometatarsal
The primary joints in the foot affect and
gait
foot stability
The covers the subtalar joint when viewing the leg from a posterior aspect
Achilles tendon
List and define the 2 primary joints within the ankle
Talocrural joint - connects the tibia and fibula with the talus bone in the foot. This is a hinge joint and provides dorsiflexion and plantar flexion
Subtalar joint - connects the talus bone and calcaneus bone. This is a gliding joint and allows inversion and eversion of the ankle to occur
Which bones in the foot provide leverage when walking/running and where are they located?
Sesamoid bones
Located underneath the first metatarsal bone (behind the big toe)
Leg Bones - ,
Ankle Bone -
Heel Bone -
Midfoot Bones (foot arch) - , ,
Forefoot Bones - ,
tibia, fibula
talus
calcaneus
cuboid, navicular, cuneiform (3)
metatarsals, phalanges (toes)
Tribonucleation
The rapid creation of a temporary cavity within a joint that causes “cracking” joints
A. Bone
B. Ligament
C. Synovial fluid
D. Synovial membrane
E. Cartilage
F. Joint capsule
What is the most prevalent type of joint in the body?
Synovial
List the 3 functional classifications of joints and their associated primary classification
Immovable - fibrous
Slightly movable - cartilaginous
Freely movable - synovial
What does the sacroiliac joint do while walking and running?
The joint “locks” to provide a solid base of support during the foot push-off aspect of the gait cycle
What is the purpose of the sacroiliac joint?
Absorb shock
What is the scientific name of the “sits bones”?
Ischium
What is the primary purpose of the ilium?
Protect internal organs
Mechanically speaking, the primary purpose of the pelvis is to and to .
Support the upper body
Transfer the energy from the legs to the spine and upper body
Sciatica
A type of radicular pain that presents as pain down the posterior and/or lateral aspect of the leg and can manifest as a result of compression (i.e., herniated disk), spondylolisthesis, or muscle contraction
Radiculopathy
Pain in the extremities (arms, hand, feet) that originates from compression of spinal nerves
List and define the 2 components of an intervertebral disk
Annulus fibrosis - the outer, cartilage aspect of a disk
Nucleus pulposus - the inner, gelatinous aspect of a disk
What is the cause of a herniated disk?
Excessive stress placed on a disk causes the annulus fibrosis to crack and some of the nucleus pulposus leaks out
List and define the 3 spinal abnormalities
Lordosis - excessive lumbar spinal curvature (hyperextension)
Kyphosis - excessive thoracic spinal curvature (hyperflexion)
Scoliosis - spinal curvature in the frontal plane (lateral curvature)
What occurs to the lumbar spine when runners become fatigued and what is the cause?
The lumbar spine becomes hyperextended due to a reduction in core stabilization
What is one cause of lower back pain?
Inefficient muscular stabilization of the lumbar spine
The lumbar spine is largely dependent on to provide stabilization and mobility
muscular support
Neutral Spine
The position of the spine in which minimal neuromuscular activity is required to maintain a standing, relaxed posture
List the 4 spinal curvatures along with their curve type
Cervical Curvature - Lordotic
Thoracic Curvature - Kyphotic
Lumbar Curvature - Lordotic
Sacral Curvature - Kyphotic
List and define the 2 types of curves of the spine
Kyphotic - refers to an anterior curve of the spine
Lordotic - refers to a posterior curve of the spine
List the 5 regions of the spine and the number of vertebrae in each
Cervical - 7
Thoracic - 12
Lumbar - 5
Sacral - 5
Coccyx - 4
Appendicular Skeleton
Represented by the limbs of the body and the bones that attach the limbs to the axial skeleton.
Bones of the legs, arms, scapulas, clavicles, hands, feet, and pelvis
Axial Skeleton
Forms the central axis that is responsible for providing support to the appendicular skeleton.
Skull, spine, ribs, and sternum
Circumduction
The combination of abduction, adduction, flexion, and extension
Moving a limb in a circular motion
Rotation
Circular motion around a fixed point
Turning ‒ or rotating ‒ the torso in the transverse plane while in an upright, standing position
Valgus
Inward angle of bone or joint
Knock–kneed
Varus
Outward angle of bone or joint
Bowlegged
Contralateral
On the opposite side of another structure
When lifting the right arm, it is contralateral to the left leg
Ipsilateral
On the same side as another structure
When lifting the right arm, it is ipsilateral to the right leg
