Energy Systems Flashcards
When is lactate produced?
at all times
What is the role of lactate during low intensity exercise?
fuel for the mitochondria
lactate threshold
when lactate production exceeds lactate clearing
Maximum Lactate Steady State (MLSS)
The highest intensity level at which blood lactate concentrations are maintained at a steady-state level during exercise bouts of approximately 60 minutes
Ventilatory Threshold (VT)
The point at which the ventilation (breathing) rate increases faster than the workload
blood shunting
process in which arteries dilate and constrict to determine what percentage of blood is received by working muscles
How does blood shunting affect ultrarunners?
85-90% of blood volume goes to working muscles which results in less blood for digestion
Blood flow allocation within the body is based on .
need
greater aerobic capacity = =
more blood is ejected with each heart contraction
lower heart rate
During exercise it is normal for blood pressure to
increase substantially
What are the 3 energy systems?
Phosphagen
Glycolytic
Oxidative
What is an alternate term for the phosphagen system?
ATP-CP system
Describe how energy is created in the phosphagen system
Creatine phosphate is broken down and ATP is formed within a muscle cell
What types of exercises use the phosphagen system?
explosive and very short-term activities such as weightlifting or short, all-out sprints
Which energy system metabolizes primarily carbs?
glycolytic
Carbs must be ingested at least minutes before the point of fatigue to avoid glycogen depletion
30
Aerobic respiration oxidizes for energy and consumes to slow the buildup of acidity
pyruvate
hydrogen ions
What occurs when aerobic respiration cannot keep up with pyruvate production?
anaerobic respiration converts pyruvate to lactate
What is the primary energy system used by endurance athletes?
oxidative
List 6 physiological adaptations that occur due to aerobic training
Lower resting heart rate
Increased blood volume
Better fat utilization
Less reliance upon blood glucose for fuel
Increased capillary density
Increased mitochondrial density
Increased capillary density = =
increased blood flow to muscles
increased oxygen supply to muscles
Why do athletes train at altitude?
To increase red blood cell count and therefore increase oxygen to muscles
How long do the effects of altitude training last?
15 days
