Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anaphy and Physiology > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Four major functions of the skeletal system

A

Support, protection, movement, storage.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Functional for bearing strong weight and is the major supporting tissue of the body.

A

Rigid strong bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

A flexible connective tissue - not as rigid as bone, but stiffer than muscle tissue

A

Cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

These are elastic bonds that holds and attach bones together.

A

Ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

It connects muscles to bones and is significant for providing movement of the body.

A

Tendons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Minerals that are usually stored within the bone.

A

Calcium and Phosphorus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Another term for blood cell production

A

Hematopoiesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

A unique interior of the bone that is responsible for the production of red blood cells that are secreted throughout the body.

A

Bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Enumerate and describe the two types of bone marrow.

A
  1. Yellow marrow - consists of adipose tissue

2. Red marrow - consists of blood-forming cell and the site for RBC production.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The study of bone structure and treatment of bone disorder.

A

Osteology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The formation of the bone by osteoblast.

A

Osteogenesis (bone ossification)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

A bone formation that occurs within connective tissue membrane.

A

Intramembranous ossification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

On what type of bone does intramembranous ossification is present?

A

Formation of flat bones of the skull, mandibles, and clavicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

A bone formation that occurs inside the hyaline cartilages.

A

Endochondral ossification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

True or False

Few area within the skeletal system requires the process of endochondral ossification in terms of bone formation.

A

False. All bones except for the flat bones, mandibles, and clavicles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Arrange in order the process and identify which type of ossification it is.

  1. Accumulating osteoid laid down between embryonic blood vessels, which form a random network that is a network of trabeculae. Vascularized mesenchyme condenses on the external face of the woven bone and becomes the periosteum.
  2. Bone matrix (osteoid) is secreted within the fibrous membrane
  3. Bone collar of compact bone forms and red marrow appears.
  4. An ossification appears in the fibrous connective tissue membrane.
A

4, 2, 1, 3

Intramembranous Ossification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Arrange in order and identify the type of ossification.

  1. Ossification of the epiphyses; when complete, hyaline cartilage remains only in the epiphyseal plates and articular cartilages.
  2. Invasion of internal cavities by the periosteal bud and spongy bone formation.
  3. Formation of bone collar around hyaline cartilage model.
  4. Cavitation of the hyaline cartilage within the cartilage model.
  5. Formation of the medullary cavity as ossification continues; appearance of secondary ossification centers in the epiphyses.
A

3, 4, 2, 5, 1

Endochondral Ossification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

It refers to mid-section (shaft) of a long bone

A

Diaphysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The expanded end of a long bone.

A

Epiphysis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

It refers to the translucent cartilage found in joint surfaces; are soft tissues in comparison to bones

A

Hyaline cartilages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The cell responsible for absorption of bone and remodelling.

A

Osteoclast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

It refers to the formation of new bone on the surface of existing bone; responsible of the increase in width of long bones.

A

Appositional growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

It refers to to the process by which growing cartilage is systematically replaced by bone to form the growing skeleton.

A

Endochondral growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Enumerate the three consecutive phases of bone remodeling.

A

Resorption, Reversal, and Formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

It consists if the removal of old bone by osteoclast.

A

Resorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

The phase where mononuclear cells appear on the bone surface.

A

Reversal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

It consist of when osteoblasts lay down new bone until the resorbed bone is completely replaced.

A

Formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Arrange in order the process of bone repair

  1. Osteoblasts enter the callus and form cancellous bone.
  2. The callus forms, the zone of tissue repair between the two bone fragments
  3. The cancellous bone is slowly remodeled to form compact bone and the repair is complete
  4. Clot formed in a damaged area.
A

4, 2, 1, 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Calcium homeostasis is maintained by?

A

Parathyroid hormone and calcitonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

The term literally means “without cartilage formation”.

A

Achondroplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

True or False

Achondroplasia is a disorder that come from forming of cartilages which causes a dwarfism or being short-limbed.

A

False. The problem is not in forming cartilage but in converting it to bone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Ostogenesis Imperfecta is also known as?

A

Brittle bone disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

A genetic disorder that results from lack of protein collagen producing very brittle bones that are easily fractured.

A

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

A disease that softens and weaken bones among children usually due to vitamin D deficiency. It can also cause bowing of legs and pelvis deformation.

A

Rickets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

It is usually caused by insufficient calcium in the diet and can affect both children and adults.

A

Osteomalacia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

The bacteria that holds infection causing the development of Osteomyelitis.

A

Staphyloccocus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

A disease in which bone reabsorption outpaces bone deposit, making bones very weak and brittle over the years.

A

Osteoporosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Lateral curvature of the central part of the spine.

A

Scoliosis`

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

It refers to the break in a bone

A

Fractures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

It refer to as “joint inflammation” which can affect one or several joints

A

Arthritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Osteoarthritis is also known as?

A

The “wear and tear” arthritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

A degenerative joint disease in which the cartilage that covers th.e ends of the bones in the joint deteriorates

A

Osteoarthritis

43
Q

An active inflammatory autoimmune disease affecting the synovial membrane

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

44
Q

A disease incorporated with an inborn error of uric acid metabolism

A

Gouty Arthritis

45
Q

An acute or chronic inflammation of the bursa

A

Bursitis

46
Q

A small sac filled with fluid and located at friction points

A

Bursa

47
Q

The only cells that are found in a healthy cartilages

A

Chondrocytes

48
Q

The site where the bone first appear in the center part of diaphysis

A

Primary ossification center

49
Q

Enumerate the stages of bone repair

A

Hematoma formation, fibrocartilaginous formation, bony callus formation, bone remodeling

50
Q

It refer to as the physical connection between two bones.

A

Joint or articulation

51
Q

The science that deals with the study of joints.

A

Arthrology

52
Q

True or False

Joint classification are based on its function.

A

True

53
Q

Enumerate and describe joint classification based on degree of motion1

A
  1. Synarthrosis - immovable joint
  2. Amphiarthrosis - slightly mobile joint
  3. Diarthrosis - freely movable joint
54
Q

Bones that are unified through fibrous connective tissue and allow little or no movement.

A

Fibrous joints

55
Q

The fibrous joints between the bones of the skull and are immovable due to interlocking junctions between the bones and short connective fibers.

A

Sutures

56
Q

Fibrous joints where the bones are separated by some distance and are held together by ligaments

A

Syndesmoses

57
Q

Consist of pegs fitted into sockets and held in place by ligaments.

A

Gomphoses

58
Q

Two bones unified through cartilages.

A

Cartilaginous joints

59
Q

Bones that are attached together by the hyaline cartilage

A

Synchondrosis

60
Q

Bones joined together by fibrocartilage

A

Symphysis

61
Q

They are commonly referred to as the freely movable joint, though flexibility vary.

A

Synovial joints

62
Q

Consists of two opposed flat surfaces that glide over each other.

A

Plane joints

63
Q

Consists of two saddle-shaped articulating surfaces oriented at right angles to one another

A

Saddle joints

64
Q

Consists of a convex cylinder of one bone applied to a corresponding concavity of the other bone.

A

Hinge joints

65
Q

Consists of rounded end of one bone fitting into a ring formed by the other bone that restrict movement to rotation around a single axis

A

Pivot Joints

66
Q

Consists of a ball at the end of one bone and a socket in an adjacent bone into which a portion of the ball fits

A

Ball and socket joint

67
Q

A modified ball and socket joint in which the joint surfaces are elongated

A

Ellipsoid or Condyloid

68
Q

A dense connective tissue that covers most of the outer surface of the bone.

A

Periosteum

69
Q

It is mostly solid matrix and cell

A

Compact bone

70
Q

It consists of lazy network of bone with many small, marrow-filled spaces

A

Spongy bone

71
Q

Term for the hole in a bone

A

Foramen

72
Q

An elongated hole or tunnel-like passage

A

Canal/Meatus

73
Q

A rounded projection on a bone

A

Tubercle/ Tuberosity

74
Q

A sharp projection from a bone

A

Process

75
Q

The smooth rounded end of a bone where it forms a joint

A

Condyle

76
Q

Number of bones in a skull

A

22

77
Q

It is the central axis of the skeleton

A

Vertebral column

78
Q

A vertebrae with very small bodies

A

Cervical vertebrae

79
Q

Possess long, thin spinous process that are directed inferiorly

A

Thoracic vertebrae

80
Q

Have large, thick bodies and heavy, rectangular transverse and spinous processes

A

Lumbar

81
Q

Sacral are fused into a single bone called?

A

Sacrum

82
Q

Designated number for each region of vertebral column

A 
Cervical 7
Thoracic 12 
Lumbar 5 
Sacral 1
Coccyx 1
83
Q

It protects the vital organs within the thorax and prevents the collapse of thorax during respiration

A

Rib cage

84
Q

Ribs that are attached directly to the sternum by coastal cartilages

A

True ribs (1-7)

85
Q

Ribs that do not attach directly at the sternum

A

False ribs (8-10)

86
Q

Ribs that do not attach at all

A

Floating ribs (11 &12)

87
Q

Also known as shoulder girdle

A

Pectoral girdle

88
Q

A flat triangular bone with three large fossae where muscles extending to the arm attached

A

Scapula (shoulder blade)

89
Q

The term for the breastbone

A

Sternum

90
Q

Three parts of the sternum

A

Manubrium, body, and xiphoid process

91
Q

Also known as collarbone which articulates with the scapula at the acromion process

A

Clavicle

92
Q

Directional terms of ulna and radius

A

Ulna- medial side of forearm

Radius - lateral side

93
Q

Each fingers consist of three small bones called?

A

Phalanges

94
Q

A relatively short region between the forearm and the hand

A

Wrist

95
Q

The place where the lower limb attach to the girdle

A

Pelvic girdle

96
Q

The three bones of the pelvis that is fused to a single bone (with directional terms)

A

Ilium - superior
Pubis - Inferior anterior
Ischium - inferior posterior

97
Q

The region between the hip and the knee

A

Thigh

98
Q

Also known as the kneecap

A

Patella

99
Q

The region between knee and ankle

A

Leg

100
Q

A bending movement that decreases the angle of the joint

A

Flexion

101
Q

A straightening movement that increase the angle of the joint

A

Extension

102
Q

The extension of a joint beyond 180 degrees

A

Hyperextension

103
Q

Movement of the foot towards the plantar surface

A

plantar flexion

Anaphy and Physiology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions