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Anaphy and Physiology > Muscular System > Flashcards

Muscular System Flashcards

1
Q

Identify the major functions of muscular system

A

Body movement, posture maintenance, communication, respiration, heat production, heart beat, constriction of organs and vessels

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2
Q

How many muscles are in our body?

A

About 650

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3
Q

Are long, cylindrical muscle attached to the bones.

A

Skeletal muscle

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4
Q

Muscle that is functional in heart contraction to supply blood throughout the body

A

Cardiac muscle

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5
Q

Located on walls of hollow organs, blood vessels, and glands

A

Smooth muscle

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6
Q

True or False.

Skeletal and Cardiac Muscle requires involuntary control.

A

False. Skeletal muscle has voluntary control.

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7
Q

Ability of the muscle to shorten, reducing the distance between parts of its content.

A

Contractability

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8
Q

Ability to respond to a stimulus.

A

Excitability

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9
Q

Ability of the muscles to be stretched

A

Extensibility

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10
Q

The ability of the muscle to return to its original states after stretching and/or elongation.

A

Elasticity

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11
Q

Muscle names according to location:

A

Pectoralis (chest)
Gluteus (buttocks)
Brachial (arm)

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12
Q

Muscle name according to size

A 
Maximus (large) 
Minimus (small)
Major (larger than two bones)
Minor (smaller than two bones) 
Longus (long)
Brevis (short)
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13
Q

Muscle name according to function

A

Abductor (away from midline)
Adductor (towards the midline)
Masseter (a chewer)

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14
Q

Muscle names according to shape

A

Deltoid (triangular)
Quadratus (rectangular)
Teres (round)

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15
Q

Muscle names according to orientation of fasciculi

A

rectus (straight)

oblique (at an angle)

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16
Q

Muscle names according to number of heads

A

Biceps (two)

Triceps (three)

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17
Q

The biological system of humans that produces movement.

A

Muscular system

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18
Q

A contractile tissue and is derived from the mesodermal layer of embryonic germ cells.

A

Muscle

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19
Q

A sudden, propagating signal or impulse generated by the nervous system

A

Action potential

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20
Q

The place where the motor neuron reaches a muscle cell

A

Neuromuscular junction

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21
Q

Skeletal muscle tissue is composed of cells called?

A

Muscle fibers

22
Q

A neurotransmitter that binds to receptors on the outside of muscle fibers

A

Acetylcholine

23
Q

Each skeletal muscle is surrounded by a connective tissue sheath called?

A

Epimysium

24
Q

A loose connective tissue that separates muscles fascicles from each other

A

Perimysium

25
Q

A loose connective tissue that surrounds each muscle fiber

A

Endomysium

26
Q

Muscle contraction where the amount of tension increases but the muscle length is attained.

A

Isometric contractions

27
Q

Muscle tension increases as the muscle shortens

A

Concentric contractions

28
Q

The amount of tension produced by the muscle is constant during contraction, but the length of the muscle decreases

A

Isotonic contractions

29
Q

Tension is maintained as the muscle lengthens

A

Eccentric contractions

30
Q

The sliding of acting myofilaments past myosin myofilaments during contraction

A

Sliding filament model

31
Q

The resistance of a muscle to active or passive stretch, or the overall stiffness of a muscle

A

Muscle Tone

32
Q

Also known as a floppy baby syndrome

A

Hypotonia

33
Q

A condition that involves low muscle tone with reduced muscle strength

A

Hypotonia

34
Q

True or False

Hypotonia is considered as a specific health sickness.

A

False. It is a possible sign of several other disorder that affect muscle strength or motor nerve by the brain.

35
Q

Two medical conditions that may cause Hypotonia

A 
●Down syndrome
● Muscular Dystrophy
● Cerebral palsy 2
 ● Prader-Willi syndrome
● Myotonic dystrophy
● Tay-Sachs disease
36
Q

An increase in the rigidity of muscle tone and reduced capacity of the muscle to stretch brought by the injury to the central nervous system, causing disruptions in the nerve pathways in charge of muscle tone.

A

Hypertonia

37
Q

Identify and describe two forms of hypertonia

A
  1. Spasticity - stiffness related to uncontrolled reflexes

2. Rigidity - stiffness not associated with reflexes

38
Q

It is a network of protein fibers that forms a stationary anchor for acting myofilaments to attach

A

Z disks

39
Q

The basic structural and functional unit of skeletal muscle

A

Sarcomere

40
Q

Differentiate I bands from A bands in terms of shade

A

I bands - light stained

A bands - dark stained

41
Q

I bands consist of only?

A

Actin myofilaments

42
Q

The band that extends the length of the myosin myofilaments within the sarcomere

A

A-bands

43
Q

A smaller, lighter-staining region in the center of each A-band

A

H zone

44
Q

It consists of fine protein filaments that anchor the myosin myofilaments in place

A

M line

45
Q

It is attached at specific interval along the myosin filaments

A

Troponin

46
Q

These have attachment sites for the myosin myofilaments that resembled two minute strands of pearl twisted together

A

Actin

47
Q

Filaments that block the myosin myofilament binding sites on the actin myofilaments

A

Tropomyosin

48
Q

The electrical charge difference across the cell membrane of an unstimulated cell

A

Resting membrane potential

49
Q

The cell membrane of muscle fiber

A

sarcolemma

50
Q

The sarcolemma has man inward tubelike folds called?

A

T tubules

Anaphy and Physiology (5 decks)

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