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Anaphy and Physiology > Cell Physiology > Flashcards

Cell Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

True or False

All cells have nucleus; some have more, some lose theirs as they mature.

A

True

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2
Q

A large organelle located near the center of the cell

A

Nucleus

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3
Q

Number of pair of chromosomes a nuclei of human cells contain

A

23

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4
Q

Chromosomes that are loosely coiled

A

Chromatin

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5
Q

It is described as diffused bodies with no surrounding membrane that are found within the nucleus.

A

Nucleoli

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6
Q

The organelle where protein are produced.

A

Ribosomes

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7
Q

True or False

Cells allow some substances to pass in or out of them, meaning they are selectively-permeable

A

True

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8
Q

The outermost component of a cell that encloses the cytoplasm and forms the boundary between material inside and outside the cell.

A

Cell membrane

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9
Q

The two major substances a cell membrane is composed of:

A

Phospholipids and proteins

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10
Q

The difference in the concentration of a solute in a solvent between two points divided by the distance between the two points.

A

Concentration gradient

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11
Q

The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane from a region of higher concentration to one of lower concentration

A

Osmosis

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12
Q

A solution that has a lower concentration of solute and higher concentration of water

A

Hypotonic

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13
Q

What happens when a cell is immersed in a isotonic solution?

A

The concentration of both solute and water are balanced so the cell neither shrink or rupture.

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14
Q

A higher concentration of solute and lower concentration of water related to the cytoplasm of the cell.

A

Hypertonic

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15
Q

A transport of molecules that does not require the assistance of membrane proteins.

A

Simple diffusion

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16
Q

A transport process that moves substances from regions of lower concentration to higher concentrations against a concentration gradient

A

Active transport

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17
Q

A genetic disease that affects the active transport of Cl- into cells

A

Cystic fibrosis

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18
Q

A form of active transport in which a cell envelopes extracellular material using its cell fluid

A

Endocytosis

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19
Q

Differentiate phagocytosis and pinocytosis

A

Phagocytosis - cell -eating

Pinocytosis - cell -drinking

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20
Q

Process of releasing substances from the cell

A

Exocytosis

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21
Q

A series of membrane forming sacs and tubules that extends from the outer nuclear membrane into the cytoplasm and is a site for lipid synthesis and detoxification of chemicals within cells

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

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22
Q

Differentiate rough and smooth ER

A

Rough ER has ribosomes attached to it, smooth Er does not

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23
Q

Closely packed stacks of curved sacs that modifies, collects, packages, and distributes proteins and lipids manufactured by the ER

A

Golgi Apparatus

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24
Q

A small, membrane-bound sac that transports or store materials within cells.

A

Vesicles

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25
It contains a variety of enzymes that works as an intracellular digestive system
Lysosomes
26
Are small membrane-bound vesicles that break down fatty acids, amino acids, and hydrogen peroxide
Peroxisomes
27
Are small organelles with inner and outer membranes separated by space
Mitochondria
28
Numerous folds on the inner membrane of mitochondria
Cristae
29
True or False The nucleoli is the major site of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production within cells.
False. Mitochondria is the site for ATP production.
30
It serves as the internal framework of the cell.
Cytoskeleton
31
It acts as a selective barrier that determines what moves in and outside of the cell
Cell membrane
32
A mechanism that moves large water-soluble molecules or electrically charged ions across the cell membrane
Carrier-mediated transport mechanism
33
A transport process that moves molecule from a high concentration of solute to a low concentration by a carrier molecule.
Facilitated diffusion
34
The main energy source for most chemical reactions that happen within the cell
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
35
A transport against a concentration agent where the energy of one substance comes from the concentration agent of another
Secondary active transport
36
The diffusing substances moves in the same direction as the transported substance
Cotransport
37
The diffusing substances moves in a direction opposite to that of the transported substance
Countertransport
38
A nucleus consist of ? which materials can pass into or out of it
Nuclear pores
39
These are loosely coiled chromosomes
Chromatin
40
True or False In skeletal muscle, the smooth ER stores sodium ions.
False. It stores calcium ions
41
The material within the inner membrane of mitochondria which contains enzymes
Mitochondrial matrix
42
A hollow structure that is formed from protein subunits and is responsible for assisting in cell division, supporting the cytoplasm, and forming essential components of organelles such as cilia and flagella
Microtubules
43
These are small fibrils that structurally support the cytoplasm, determining its shape.
Microfilaments
44
A gel-like fluid within the cell that provides a platform for chemical reaction that happens within that cell
Cytoplasm
45
Is smaller in diameter than microtubules but larger than microfilaments and provide mechanical support to the cell
Intermediate filaments
46
The ? is a centralized area of cytoplasm where microtubule formation occurs and contains two ? oriented perpendicular to each other
Centrosome, centrioles
47
Are cylindrical structures that project from the surface of the cell
Cilia
48
It is numerous on surface cells that line the respiratory tract and transport mucus through their coordinated movement, helping the lungs to keep clear of debris
Cilia
49
Similar structure to cilia but are much longer and usually occur only one per cell
Flagella
50
Are specialized extensions of the cell membrane that are supported by microfilaments
Microvilli
51
It is a sequence of nucleotides that provides a chemical set of instructions for making a specific protein
gene
52
The process of making a RNA copy of a genetic sequence
Transcription
53
The synthesis of proteins based on the information in mRNA
Translation
54
The copy of the gene produced during transcription
messenger RNA (mRNA)
55
A substance necessary to synthesize proteins
amino acids
56
Specialized chromosomes that carry the amino acids to the ribosome
transfer RNAs (tRNAs)
57
The information in mRNA is carried in groups of three nucleotides called?
Codons
58
The site where transcription occurs
nucleus
59
The three-pair nucleotide sequence that pair with codon of mRNA
Anticodon
60
A nondividing phase where cell spend most of its life performing its normal functions
Interphase
61
True or False At the end of the interphase, two identical DNA molecules are produced
True
62
The formation of daughter cells to from a single parent cell
Cell division
63
Differentiate the two types of cell division
Mitosis - formation of cells necessary for growth and tissue repair Meiosis- formation of sex cell necessary for reproduction
64
The ? chromosomes are the ? number of chromosomes and are organized to form ? pairs of chromosomes
46, diploid, 23
65
The stage where chromatin condenses to form visible chromosomes
Prophase
66
Each chromosome is made up of two genetically identical strands of chromatin, called ? which are linked at one point by a specialized region called the ?
chromatids, centromere
67
The stage where chromosomes align near the center of the cell
Metaphase
68
The stage where the chromatids separate to form two sets of identical chromosomes
Anaphase
69
What happens during telophase?
It is characterized by the formation of two new daughter nuclei at either end of the dividing cell.
70
The complete separation of two cells apart is called?
Cytokinesis
71
The process by which cells develop with specialized structures and function.
Differentiation
72
Apoptosis is also described as?
Programmed cell death
73
A normal process by which cell numbers within various tissues are adjusted and controlled
Apoptosis

Anaphy and Physiology (5 decks)

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