Skeletal System Flashcards
how many bones does an adult human have
206 bones
what does the body framework consist of
bone, cartilage, ligament, and joints
function of skeletal system
- support
- movement
- blood cell formation (hemopoiesis)
- protection of internal organs
- detoxification (removal of poisons)
- provision for muscle attachment
- mineral storage (calcium and phosphorus)
what are the classifications of bones
- long
- short
- flat
- irregular
- sesamoid
what does the typical long bone have
- irregular epiphysis at each end (spongy/ cancellous bone)
- shaft or diaphysis with compact bone
what are the cells that form compact bone
- osteoblasts
- become fixed in dense bone = become osteocytes
axial skeleton
- skull
- vertebral column
- 12 pairs of ribs
- sternum
- bones of middle ear (malleus, incus, stapes)
- hyoid bone in the neck
what are the bones in the skull
- 2 nasal bones
- 2 maxillary bones
- 2 zygomatic bones
- 1 mandible (only movable)
- 2 palatine bones
- 1 vomer
- 2 lacrimal bones
- 2 inferior nasal conchae
what are the bones in the cranium
- occipital
- frontal
- ethmoid
- sphenoid
- parietal
- temporal
- ossicles of ear
bones in the vertebral column
- divided into 5 sections
- 7 cervical vertebrae
- 12 thoracic vertebrae
- 5 lumbar vertebrae
- 5 sacral vertebrae (fuse to form sacrum)
- coccygeal vertebrae (tailbone)
appendicular skeleton
- girdle (clavicle and scapula)
- limbs
- pelvis
upper portion in appendicular skeleton
- pectoral or shoulder girdle
- clavicle
- scapula
- upper extremity
bones in arm
- humerus
- radius (thumb)
- ulna (pinky)
- carpals (wrist bones)
- metacarpals (hand)
- phalanges (fingers)
lower portion of appendicular skeleton
- pelvic girlde OR os coxae
bones of os coxae (pelvis)
- fused ilium
- ischium
- pubis
bones of lower extremity (leg)
- femur (thigh)
- tibia
- fibula
- tarsal (ankle)
- metatarsals (bones of foot)
- phalanges
tendons
- connect muscle to bone
ligament
- connect bone to bone
cartilage
- cushions ends of bones
joints
- articulations
- 2 bones or more that meet and connect
classification of joints
- immovable (skull)
- partly movable (spine)
- freely movable (hip)
fibrous joint
- bound together by tough fibrous ligaments
- may be immovable or partly movable
types of fibrous joint
- gomphosis
- suture
- syndesmosis
gomphosis
- fibrous joint
- teeth in tooth sockets
suture
- fibrous joint
- skull bones
- serrate / lap / plan
syndesmosis
- fibrous joint
- long collagen fibers
- ex) joint between tibia and fibula
cartilaginous joint
- connected by cartilage that serves as a shock absorber
types of cartilaginous joint
- symphysis
- synchondrosis
symphysis
- cartilaginous joint
- fibrocartilage
- ex) pubic bones
synchondrosis
- cartilaginous joint
- hyaline cartilage
- ex) vertebrae
synovial joint
- filled w synovial fluid
- free movable
types of synovial joints
- 6 kinds
- ball-and-socket
- condylar (ellipsoid)
- saddle
- plane (gliding)
- hinge
- pivot
ball-and-socket joint
- synovial joint
- multiaxial
- ex) hip + shoulder
condylar (ellipsoid)
- synovial joint
- biaxial
- ex) radiocarpal / metacarpophalangeal
saddle
- synovial joint
- biaxial
- ex) thumb (base) / sternoclavicular
plane (gliding)
- synovial joint
- biaxial
- ex) wrist / ankle / vertebrae
hinge
- synovial joint
- monoaxial
- ex) elbow, knee, fingers, toes
pivot
- synovial joint
- monoaxial
- ex) radioulnar / C1 C2
sesamoid bones
- smooth bones that are embedded in muscles or tendons
- forms tiny parts in wrist / hands / feet / kneecap
function of skeletal system
- structural support
- protection
- movement
- mineral storage
- blood cell production
bone marrow
- tissue inside bones
- site of RBC production / phagocytes (WBC)
volkmann’s canals
- channels in bones
- contain blood vessels + nerves that connect bone to connective tissue
how does the skeletal system with the integumentary system
- by absorbing calcium in a process enhanced by vitamin D from skin
how does the skeletal system with the muscular system
- by following the contractions of muscles, allowing the body to move
how does the skeletal system with the nervous system
- by protecting spinal cord
how does the skeletal system with the circulatory system
- production of RBC and WBC in bone marrow
how does the skeletal system with the lymphatic system
- by producing T cells and B cells that fight pathogens
how does the skeletal system with the respiratory system
- by expanding and contracting to allow for the movement of air
how does the skeletal system with the digestive system
- by chewing food to start the process of digestion
