Skeletal System

Question 1

how many bones does an adult human have

Answer 1

206 bones

Question 2

what does the body framework consist of

Answer 2

bone, cartilage, ligament, and joints

Question 3

function of skeletal system

Answer 3

• support
• movement
• blood cell formation (hemopoiesis)
• protection of internal organs
• detoxification (removal of poisons)
• provision for muscle attachment
• mineral storage (calcium and phosphorus)

Question 4

what are the classifications of bones

Answer 4

• long
• short
• flat
• irregular
• sesamoid

Question 5

what does the typical long bone have

Answer 5

• irregular epiphysis at each end (spongy/ cancellous bone)

- shaft or diaphysis with compact bone

Question 6

what are the cells that form compact bone

Answer 6

• osteoblasts

- become fixed in dense bone = become osteocytes

Question 7

axial skeleton

Answer 7

• skull
• vertebral column
• 12 pairs of ribs
• sternum
• bones of middle ear (malleus, incus, stapes)
• hyoid bone in the neck

Question 8

what are the bones in the skull

Answer 8

• 2 nasal bones
• 2 maxillary bones
• 2 zygomatic bones
• 1 mandible (only movable)
• 2 palatine bones
• 1 vomer
• 2 lacrimal bones
• 2 inferior nasal conchae

Question 9

what are the bones in the cranium

Answer 9

• occipital
• frontal
• ethmoid
• sphenoid
• parietal
• temporal
• ossicles of ear

Question 10

bones in the vertebral column

Answer 10

• divided into 5 sections
• 7 cervical vertebrae
• 12 thoracic vertebrae
• 5 lumbar vertebrae
• 5 sacral vertebrae (fuse to form sacrum)
• coccygeal vertebrae (tailbone)

Question 11

appendicular skeleton

Answer 11

• girdle (clavicle and scapula)
• limbs
• pelvis

Question 12

upper portion in appendicular skeleton

Answer 12

• pectoral or shoulder girdle
• clavicle
• scapula
• upper extremity

Question 13

bones in arm

Answer 13

• humerus
• radius (thumb)
• ulna (pinky)
• carpals (wrist bones)
• metacarpals (hand)
• phalanges (fingers)

Question 14

lower portion of appendicular skeleton

Answer 14

• pelvic girlde OR os coxae

Question 15

bones of os coxae (pelvis)

Answer 15

• fused ilium
• ischium
• pubis

Question 16

bones of lower extremity (leg)

Answer 16

• femur (thigh)
• tibia
• fibula
• tarsal (ankle)
• metatarsals (bones of foot)
• phalanges

Question 17

tendons

Answer 17

• connect muscle to bone

Question 18

ligament

Answer 18

• connect bone to bone

Question 19

cartilage

Answer 19

• cushions ends of bones

Question 20

joints

Answer 20

• articulations

- 2 bones or more that meet and connect

Question 21

classification of joints

Answer 21

• immovable (skull)
• partly movable (spine)
• freely movable (hip)

Question 22

fibrous joint

Answer 22

• bound together by tough fibrous ligaments

- may be immovable or partly movable

Question 23

types of fibrous joint

Answer 23

• gomphosis
• suture
• syndesmosis

Question 24

gomphosis

Answer 24

• fibrous joint

- teeth in tooth sockets

Question 25

suture

Answer 25

• fibrous joint
• skull bones
• serrate / lap / plan

Question 26

syndesmosis

Answer 26

• fibrous joint
• long collagen fibers
• ex) joint between tibia and fibula

Question 27

cartilaginous joint

Answer 27

• connected by cartilage that serves as a shock absorber

Question 28

types of cartilaginous joint

Answer 28

• symphysis

- synchondrosis

Question 29

symphysis

Answer 29

• cartilaginous joint
• fibrocartilage
• ex) pubic bones

Question 30

synchondrosis

Answer 30

• cartilaginous joint
• hyaline cartilage
• ex) vertebrae

Question 31

synovial joint

Answer 31

• filled w synovial fluid

- free movable

Question 32

types of synovial joints

Answer 32

• 6 kinds
• ball-and-socket
• condylar (ellipsoid)
• saddle
• plane (gliding)
• hinge
• pivot

Question 33

ball-and-socket joint

Answer 33

• synovial joint
• multiaxial
• ex) hip + shoulder

Question 34

condylar (ellipsoid)

Answer 34

• synovial joint
• biaxial
• ex) radiocarpal / metacarpophalangeal

Question 35

saddle

Answer 35

• synovial joint
• biaxial
• ex) thumb (base) / sternoclavicular

Question 36

plane (gliding)

Answer 36

• synovial joint
• biaxial
• ex) wrist / ankle / vertebrae

Question 37

hinge

Answer 37

• synovial joint
• monoaxial
• ex) elbow, knee, fingers, toes

Question 38

pivot

Answer 38

• synovial joint
• monoaxial
• ex) radioulnar / C1 C2

Question 39

sesamoid bones

Answer 39

• smooth bones that are embedded in muscles or tendons

- forms tiny parts in wrist / hands / feet / kneecap

Question 40

function of skeletal system

Answer 40

• structural support
• protection
• movement
• mineral storage
• blood cell production

Question 41

bone marrow

Answer 41

• tissue inside bones

- site of RBC production / phagocytes (WBC)

Question 42

volkmann’s canals

Answer 42

• channels in bones

- contain blood vessels + nerves that connect bone to connective tissue

Question 43

how does the skeletal system with the integumentary system

Answer 43

• by absorbing calcium in a process enhanced by vitamin D from skin

Question 44

how does the skeletal system with the muscular system

Answer 44

• by following the contractions of muscles, allowing the body to move

Question 45

how does the skeletal system with the nervous system

Answer 45

• by protecting spinal cord

Question 46

how does the skeletal system with the circulatory system

Answer 46

• production of RBC and WBC in bone marrow

Question 47

how does the skeletal system with the lymphatic system

Answer 47

• by producing T cells and B cells that fight pathogens

Question 48

how does the skeletal system with the respiratory system

Answer 48

• by expanding and contracting to allow for the movement of air

Question 49

how does the skeletal system with the digestive system

Answer 49

• by chewing food to start the process of digestion