Integumentary System Flashcards
what is the integumentary system
- includes skin, hair, nails, and exocrine glands.
- skin is the largest organ in body
what are the 3 layers of the integumentary system
- epidermis (outer)
- dermis (middle)
- hypodermis (inner)
which layer contains specialized cells? what are they?
- in the epidermis
- includes keratinocytes and melanocytes
keratinocytes
- tough, water-resistant protective layer of skin
melanocytes
- produce pigment (melanin)
- protects skin from UV
- determines skin color
what is in the dermis?
- nerves
- blood vessels
- exocrine glands
is sebum located in the dermis?
- mid-dermis
what is sudoriferous glands
- sweat glands
- secrete water / sodium chloride = lower body temp. / - evaporation via skin
what do sebaceous glands do
- secrete sebum!
- sebum: oily substance / waterproofs + lubricates skin
- palm and feet lack subaceous glands
what is ceruminous glands
- only occur in dermis of ear canal
- produce waxy substance that lubricates eardrum
= dust + particles away
where is the subcutaneous tissue
- in hypodermis
- composed of adipose + fat
what is hair made out of
- dead keratinocytes
- follicle extends down in dermis
- inside follicle = melanocytes give hair color
new cells produced = push older ones out (dandruff/flakes) - as age increase = production of enzyme of melanin decreases
what are toenails and fingernails composed of
sheets of keratinocytes
what does the integumentary system do
- protects underlying tissues from disease, UV, other external damage
- skin regulates body temp. through evaporation of sweat and regulation of blood flow
how does the integumentary system work with skeletal system
- by activating vitamin D to provide calcium for bones
how does the integumentary system work with muscular system
- by triggering signals that tell body to shiver to prevent hypothermia / hyperthermia
how does the integumentary system work with nervous system
- by housing sensory receptors that give information about touch
how does the integumentary system work with circulatory system
- by regulating blood flow to maintain body temp.
how does the integumentary system work with lymphatic system
- by offering a 1st line of defense against infection
how does the integumentary system work with digestive system
- by aiding with the uptake of calcium via vitamin D
how does the integumentary system work with reproductive system
- by housing sensory receptors that play a role in sexual activity and nursing
what is the epidermis made out of
- protective layer made up of dead, keratinized epithelial cells
what is the dermis made out of
- underlying layer of connective tissue with blood, nerve endings, associated skin structures)
where does the dermis rest on?
- on subcutaneous tissue = connects skin to superficial muscles
layers of epidermis from top to bottom (inner)
- stratum corenum
- stratum lucidum
- stratum granulosum
- stratum germinativum (includes stratum basale and startum spinosum) = mitosis occurs
eccrine secretion
- most widely distrubted sweat glands
- regulate body temp. = release water secretion / vaporation via skin
apocrine secreteion
- sweat glands mainly in armpits and groin area
- contains bits of cytoplasm
- cell debris attracts bacteria = body odorq
how is sebum secreted
- holocrine secretion
= whole cells of gland are part of secretion - likely to get clogged / attract bacteria = acne
advice
- as epidermal moves from deep to superficial = move away from blood and nutrient supply
== become dehydrate and die = dead keratinocytes
