Muscular System Flashcards
muscular system
- controls movement of body
muscle contraction
- sliding of actin and myosin filament together within muscle cell or fiber
what are muscles composed of?
- fibers
= thick and thin filaments (creates tension + contraction)
sacromeres
- muscle cell that consist of myofibrils in smaller units
what do muscles need for contraction
- calcium
- ATP
how do calcium ions cause muscles to move
- nervous stimulation releases calcium
- calcium attaches to inhibitory proteins on actin filaments
- cross-bridges between actin + myosin = contraction
types of muscles
- skeletal
- smooth
- cardiac
skeletal muscle
- voluntary muscles
prime mover
- muscle that executes a given movement
antagonist
- muscle produces opposite movement
synergists
- muscles that work together w prime mover
smooth muscle
- involuntary
- found in organs such as stomach and blood vessels
cardiac muscle
- involuntary
- muscles that pump blood from heart to body
muscle sizes
- maximus
- minimus
- longus
- brevis
muscle shapes
- deltoid
- trapezius
- serratus
- rhomboid
muscle origins
- biceps (2 origins)
- triceps (3 origins)
- quadriceps (4 origins)
abductor
- moves bone away from midline
adductor
- moves bone toward midline
flexor
- decreases angle of joint
extensor
- increases angle of joint
depressor
- moves downward
levator
- moves upward
pronator
- turns palm down
supinator
- turns palm upward
sphincter
- reduces size of opening
tensor
- makes rigid
rotator
- moves bone around its axes
muscular system function
- controls movement
- maintains body posture, position, joint stability
muscle contraction function
- produce heat
- maintain body temp.
how does the muscular system work with the integumentary system
- by moving the facial skin to produce expressions
how does the muscular system work with the skeletal system
- by moving the bones at the point of articulation (joint)
how does the muscular system work with the nervous system
- by housing receptors that tell the brain about body position and movement
how does the muscular system work with the circulatory system
- by pushing blood through the vessels of the body
how does the muscular system work with the respiratory system
- by moving the diaphragm so that the lungs can inflate and deflate
how does the muscular system work with the digestive system
- by moving food down esophagus, breaking it up in stomach, pushing it through intestines
how does the muscular system work with the urinary system
- by controlling the release of urine
