Skeletal System

Question 1

Two types of skeleton

Answer 1

Axial skeleton and Appendicular Skeleton

Question 2

How many bones in Axial & list the main bones

Answer 2

80 bones, Skull, vertebrate, rib cage, and sternum

Question 3

How many bones in Appendicular & list the main bones

Answer 3

126 bones, Pectoral girdle, arms, forearms, hands, pelvis, legs, feet, and ankles

Question 4

Total bones in human body?

Answer 4

206

Question 5

Functions of the Skeletal System

Answer 5

Support and protection

Body Movement

Produces blood cells

Storage of minerals and fats

Question 6

(5) The classifications of bones

Answer 6

long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid

Question 7

Epiphysis

Answer 7

end

Question 8

Diaphysis

Answer 8

shaft

Question 9

Articular Cartilage

Answer 9

(hyaline cartilage, padding)

Question 10

Periosteum

Answer 10

(membrane that covers entire bone)

Question 11

Medullary Cavity

Answer 11

hollow chamber filled with bone marrow

Question 12

(2) Functions of Red/Yellow Bone Marrow

Answer 12

Red Marrow (blood)
Yellow Marrow (fat)

Question 13

Compact Bone Tissue

Answer 13

(wall of the diaphysis)

Question 14

Spongy Bone Tissue

Answer 14

(cancellous, epiphysis) - red marrow

Question 15

pivot joint

Answer 15

uniaxial joint; atlantoaxial joint (c1-c2 vertebrae) proximal radioulner joint

Question 16

hinge joint

Answer 16

uniaxial joint: knee, elbow, ankle

Question 17

saddle joint

Answer 17

biaxial joint: first carometocarpal joint of the thumb

Question 18

ball and socket joint

Answer 18

multiaxial joint: shoulder and hip joints

Question 19

condyloid joint

Answer 19

biaxial joint: knuckle joints of fingers, radiocarpal joint of wrist

Question 20

plane joint

Answer 20

multiaxial joint: intertarsals joint of foot

Question 21

flexion/extension

Answer 21

Movements that take place within the sagittal plane and involve anterior or posterior movements of the body or limbs. ex) flexion is bending your arm in and extension is straightening out your arm

Question 22

adduction/abduction/circumduction

Answer 22

adduction: moves limb away from the midline of the body ex) (condyloid, saddle, and ball-and-socket joints)
abduction: bring limb toward the body or across midline ex) (condyloid, saddle, and ball-and-socket joints)

circumduction: Movement of a body region in a circular manner, in which one end of the body region being moved stays relatively stationary while the other end describes a circle.
ex) (biaxial condyloid, saddle, ball-and-socket)

Question 23

rotation

Answer 23

can occur within the vertebral column, at a pivot joint, or at a ball-and-socket joint. ex.) medial and lateral

Question 24

supination/pronation

Answer 24

Supination is the opposite motion, in which rotation of the radius returns the bones to their parallel positions and moves the palm to the anterior facing (supinated) position.
Pronation is the motion that moves the forearm from the supinated (anatomical) position to the pronated (palm backward) position.

Question 25

dorsiflextion/plantar flexion

Answer 25

Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion are movements at the ankle joint, which is a hinge joint. ex) Lifting the front of the foot, so that the top of the foot moves toward the anterior leg is dorsiflexion ex) lifting the heel of the foot from the ground or pointing the toes downward is plantar flexion.

Question 26

inversion/eversion

Answer 26

Inversion is the turning of the foot to angle the bottom of the foot toward the midline, while eversion turns the bottom of the foot away from the midline.

Question 27

protraction/retraction

Answer 27

Protraction of the scapula occurs when the shoulder is moved forward, as when pushing against something or throwing a ball. Retraction is the opposite motion, with the scapula being pulled posteriorly and medially, toward the vertebral column.

Question 28

depression/elevation

Answer 28

Downward and upward movements of the scapula or mandible.ex) upward movement of the scapula and shoulder is elevation, while a downward movement is depression.

Question 29

opposition/reposition

Answer 29

Opposition is the thumb movement that brings the tip of the thumb in contact with the tip of a finger. Returning the thumb to its anatomical position next to the index finger is called reposition.

Question 30

How many bones are in the cranium?

Answer 30

22

Question 31

What is the only movable bone in your skull?

Answer 31

mandible

Question 32

What are the five vertebral regions (from superior to inferior)?

Answer 32

cervical vertebrae, thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, sacral vertebrae, coccygeal vertebrae

Question 33

How many vertebrae are in cervical?

Answer 33

7

Question 34

How many vertebrae are in thoracic?

Answer 34

12

Question 35

How many vertebrae are in lumbar?

Answer 35

5

Question 36

Scoliosis

Answer 36

an abnormal, lateral curvature, accompanied by twisting of the vertebral column.

Question 37

Kyphosis

Answer 37

an excessive posterior curvature of the thoracic region

Question 38

Lordosis

Answer 38

an excessive anterior curvature of the lumbar region and is most commonly associated with obesity or late pregnancy.

Question 39

What does the thoracic cage protect?

Answer 39

heart and lungs

Question 40

Costal cartilage

Answer 40

each rib ends in a costal cartilage. These cartilages are made of hyaline cartilage and can extend for several inches.

Question 41

Three types of ribs, and how many of each?

Answer 41

true ribs: 7 false ribs: 5 floating ribs: 2

Question 42

Main bones of the pectoral girdle

Answer 42

scapula ,clavicle

Question 43

Humerus

Answer 43

the bone of the upper arm. At the top of the bone is the ball-shaped head, which is the part that sits in the socket of the shoulder blade

Question 44

Radius

Answer 44

one of the two bones that make up the forearm

Question 45

Ulna

Answer 45

forms the elbow joint with the humerus and also articulates with the radius both proximally and distally. It is located in the medial forearm when the arm is in the anatomical position.

Question 46

Carpals

Answer 46

eight small bones that make up the wrist (or carpus) that connects the hand to the forearm.

Question 47

Metacarpals

Answer 47

the long slender bones which connect your wrist to your fingers and are roughly at the level of your palm.

Question 48

Phalanges

Answer 48

From the back of the foot to the front, doctors call them the proximal, middle, and distal phalanges.

Question 49

Femur

Answer 49

the thigh bone (femur is Latin for thigh) and reaches from the hip to the knee.

Question 50

Tibia

Answer 50

top of the tibia connects to the knee joint and the bottom connects to the ankle joint.

Question 51

Fibula

Answer 51

top end of the fibula is located below the knee joint but is not part of the joint itself.

Question 52

Tarsals

Answer 52

named the calcaneus, talus, cuboid, navicular, and the medial, middle, and lateral cuneiforms.

Question 53

Metatarsals

Answer 53

connect the distal aspects of the cuneiform (medial, intermediate and lateral) bones and cuboid bone to the base of the five phalanges of the foot.

Question 54

transverse

Answer 54

when a bone breaks at a 90-degree angle to the long axis of the bone.

Question 55

oblique

Answer 55

complete fractures that occur at a plane oblique to the long axis of the bone

Question 56

spiral

Answer 56

bone fracture that occurs when a long bone is broken by a twisting force

Question 57

comminuted

Answer 57

happens when your bone breaks into three or more pieces.

Question 58

impacted

Answer 58

when the broken ends of the bone are jammed together by the force of the injury.

Question 59

greenstick

Answer 59

when a bone bends and cracks

Question 60

open

Answer 60

fracture in which there is an open wound or break in the skin near the site of the broken bone.

Question 61

closed

Answer 61

when the bone breaks but there is no puncture or open wound in the skin.