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Allison Bleakney > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Two types of skeleton

A

Axial skeleton and Appendicular Skeleton

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2
Q

How many bones in Axial & list the main bones

A

80 bones, Skull, vertebrate, rib cage, and sternum

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3
Q

How many bones in Appendicular & list the main bones

A

126 bones, Pectoral girdle, arms, forearms, hands, pelvis, legs, feet, and ankles

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4
Q

Total bones in human body?

A

206

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5
Q

Functions of the Skeletal System

A

Support and protection

Body Movement

Produces blood cells

Storage of minerals and fats

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6
Q

(5) The classifications of bones

A

long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid

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7
Q

Epiphysis

A

end

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8
Q

Diaphysis

A

shaft

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9
Q

Articular Cartilage

A

(hyaline cartilage, padding)

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10
Q

Periosteum

A

(membrane that covers entire bone)

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11
Q

Medullary Cavity

A

hollow chamber filled with bone marrow

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12
Q

(2) Functions of Red/Yellow Bone Marrow

A 
Red Marrow (blood)
Yellow Marrow (fat)
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13
Q

Compact Bone Tissue

A

(wall of the diaphysis)

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14
Q

Spongy Bone Tissue

A

(cancellous, epiphysis) - red marrow

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15
Q

pivot joint

A

uniaxial joint; atlantoaxial joint (c1-c2 vertebrae) proximal radioulner joint

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16
Q

hinge joint

A

uniaxial joint: knee, elbow, ankle

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17
Q

saddle joint

A

biaxial joint: first carometocarpal joint of the thumb

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18
Q

ball and socket joint

A

multiaxial joint: shoulder and hip joints

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19
Q

condyloid joint

A

biaxial joint: knuckle joints of fingers, radiocarpal joint of wrist

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20
Q

plane joint

A

multiaxial joint: intertarsals joint of foot

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21
Q

flexion/extension

A

Movements that take place within the sagittal plane and involve anterior or posterior movements of the body or limbs. ex) flexion is bending your arm in and extension is straightening out your arm

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22
Q

adduction/abduction/circumduction

A

adduction: moves limb away from the midline of the body ex) (condyloid, saddle, and ball-and-socket joints)
abduction: bring limb toward the body or across midline ex) (condyloid, saddle, and ball-and-socket joints)

circumduction: Movement of a body region in a circular manner, in which one end of the body region being moved stays relatively stationary while the other end describes a circle.
ex) (biaxial condyloid, saddle, ball-and-socket)

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23
Q

rotation

A

can occur within the vertebral column, at a pivot joint, or at a ball-and-socket joint. ex.) medial and lateral

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24
Q

supination/pronation

A

Supination is the opposite motion, in which rotation of the radius returns the bones to their parallel positions and moves the palm to the anterior facing (supinated) position.
Pronation is the motion that moves the forearm from the supinated (anatomical) position to the pronated (palm backward) position.

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25
Q

dorsiflextion/plantar flexion

A

Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion are movements at the ankle joint, which is a hinge joint.

ex) Lifting the front of the foot, so that the top of the foot moves toward the anterior leg is dorsiflexion
ex) lifting the heel of the foot from the ground or pointing the toes downward is plantar flexion.

26
Q

inversion/eversion

A

Inversion is the turning of the foot to angle the bottom of the foot toward the midline, while eversion turns the bottom of the foot away from the midline.

27
Q

protraction/retraction

A

Protraction of the scapula occurs when the shoulder is moved forward, as when pushing against something or throwing a ball.
Retraction is the opposite motion, with the scapula being pulled posteriorly and medially, toward the vertebral column.

28
Q

depression/elevation

A

Downward and upward movements of the scapula or mandible.ex) upward movement of the scapula and shoulder is elevation, while a downward movement is depression.

29
Q

opposition/reposition

A

Opposition is the thumb movement that brings the tip of the thumb in contact with the tip of a finger.
Returning the thumb to its anatomical position next to the index finger is called reposition.

30
Q

How many bones are in the cranium?

A

22

31
Q

What is the only movable bone in your skull?

A

mandible

32
Q

What are the five vertebral regions (from superior to inferior)?

A

cervical vertebrae, thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, sacral vertebrae, coccygeal vertebrae

33
Q

How many vertebrae are in cervical?

A

7

34
Q

How many vertebrae are in thoracic?

A

12

35
Q

How many vertebrae are in lumbar?

A

5

36
Q

Scoliosis

A

an abnormal, lateral curvature, accompanied by twisting of the vertebral column.

37
Q

Kyphosis

A

an excessive posterior curvature of the thoracic region

38
Q

Lordosis

A

an excessive anterior curvature of the lumbar region and is most commonly associated with obesity or late pregnancy.

39
Q

What does the thoracic cage protect?

A

heart and lungs

40
Q

Costal cartilage

A

each rib ends in a costal cartilage. These cartilages are made of hyaline cartilage and can extend for several inches.

41
Q

Three types of ribs, and how many of each?

A

true ribs: 7
false ribs: 5
floating ribs: 2

42
Q

Main bones of the pectoral girdle

A

scapula ,clavicle

43
Q

Humerus

A

the bone of the upper arm. At the top of the bone is the ball-shaped head, which is the part that sits in the socket of the shoulder blade

44
Q

Radius

A

one of the two bones that make up the forearm

45
Q

Ulna

A

forms the elbow joint with the humerus and also articulates with the radius both proximally and distally. It is located in the medial forearm when the arm is in the anatomical position.

46
Q

Carpals

A

eight small bones that make up the wrist (or carpus) that connects the hand to the forearm.

47
Q

Metacarpals

A

the long slender bones which connect your wrist to your fingers and are roughly at the level of your palm.

48
Q

Phalanges

A

From the back of the foot to the front, doctors call them the proximal, middle, and distal phalanges.

49
Q

Femur

A

the thigh bone (femur is Latin for thigh) and reaches from the hip to the knee.

50
Q

Tibia

A

top of the tibia connects to the knee joint and the bottom connects to the ankle joint.

51
Q

Fibula

A

top end of the fibula is located below the knee joint but is not part of the joint itself.

52
Q

Tarsals

A

named the calcaneus, talus, cuboid, navicular, and the medial, middle, and lateral cuneiforms.

53
Q

Metatarsals

A

connect the distal aspects of the cuneiform (medial, intermediate and lateral) bones and cuboid bone to the base of the five phalanges of the foot.

54
Q

transverse

A

when a bone breaks at a 90-degree angle to the long axis of the bone.

55
Q

oblique

A

complete fractures that occur at a plane oblique to the long axis of the bone

56
Q

spiral

A

bone fracture that occurs when a long bone is broken by a twisting force

57
Q

comminuted

A

happens when your bone breaks into three or more pieces.

58
Q

impacted

A

when the broken ends of the bone are jammed together by the force of the injury.

59
Q

greenstick

A

when a bone bends and cracks

60
Q

open

A

fracture in which there is an open wound or break in the skin near the site of the broken bone.

61
Q

closed

A

when the bone breaks but there is no puncture or open wound in the skin.

Allison Bleakney (7 decks)

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